Investigation of the influence of impregnation on the pine timber combustion using flow through tests

• Autorzy: Gałaj J. , Jaskółowski W. , Karpovic Z. , Sukys R.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Badanie wpływu impregnacji ogniochronnej na skład i ilość produktów toksycznych powstałych podczas spalania drewna sosnowego

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Millions of people have lost their lives during fire in the recent decades, the majority died from inhalation of toxic fire effluents. Toxic fire effluents cause death in fire, as any incapacitation is likely to impede escape, and increase the chance of becoming trapped. Better understanding of this problem will contribute to the reduction in the number of such deaths in the future. This paper analyses emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and ammonia (NH3) during the combustion of non-impregnated and impregnated pine timber with fire retardants in research equipment for toxic combustion products emitted from solid materials after the impact of the heat source (e.g. flow through test). The toxicity of pine timber specimens was investigated at two powers of external heat source of 8 kW/m2 and 10 kW/m2.

PL

Co roku wielu ludzi traci życie w czasie pożaru. Większość ginie z powodu wdychania toksycznych produktów rozkładu termicznego i spalania. Produkty te stanowią nie tylko bezpośrednią przyczynę śmierci ale także mogą utrudniać skuteczną ewakuację. Lepsze zrozumienie problematyki toksyczności produktów spalania przyczyni się do zmniejszenia liczby tych zgonów w przyszłości. Artykuł ten przedstawia wyniki badań emisji tlenku węgla (CO), chlorowodoru (HCl), cyjanowodoru (HCN) i amoniaku (NH3) podczas spalania bezpłomieniowego drewna naturalnego sosnowego, jak i impregnowanego przeciwogniowo dwoma komercyjnymi środkami ogniochronnymi produkowanym na Litwie. Do badań eksperymentalnych wykorzystano nie normatywną technikę pomiarową. Próbki poddano oddziaływaniu strumienia promieniowania cieplnego o gęstości 8 i 10 kW/m2.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

carbon monoxide; combustion products; fire; fire retardants; heat source; pine timber; toxicity; treatment

PL

amoniak; chlorowodór; cyjanowodór; drewno sosnowe; pożar; produkty spalania; środek ogniochronny; tlenek węgla; toksyczność

• Wydawca: Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Nr 3
• Strony: 55--62
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 31 poz.,Fot., rys., tab.,

Twórcy

autor

Gałaj J.

autor

Jaskółowski W.

autor

Karpovic Z.

autor

Sukys R.

• The Fire Technique Division, The Main School of Fire Service

Bibliografia

• 1. Abramowicz M., Kowalski R., Residual mechanical material properties for the reassessment of reinforced concrete structures after fire. [In:] Skibniewski M.J et al (ed) The 9th International conference “Modern building materials, structures and techniques“. Selected papers, vol. 3. May 16–18, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, pp 1147–1151;
• 2. Abraitis D., Stankevičius V., Heat conductivity modelling in ceramics and fire – resistant. [In:] Skibniewski M.J et al (ed) The 9th International conference “Modern building materials, structures and techniques“. Selected papers, vol. 1. May 16–18, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, pp 2–6;
• 3. Bednarek Z., Ogrodnik P., Testing steel – concrete bond in fire condition. [In:] Skibniewski M.J et al (ed) The 9th International conference “Modern building materials, structures and techniques. Selected papers, vol. 1. May 16–18, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, pp 1152–1158;
• 4. Bednarek Z., Kaliszuk-Wietecka A., Analysis of the fire-protection impregnation influence on wood strength, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 13(2): 79–85;
• 5. Bednarek Z., Kamocka R., The heating rate impact on parameters characteristic of steel behaviour under fire conditions, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 12(4): 269–275;
• 6. Brushlinsky N. N., [et al] World fire statistics 14. CTIF International association of fire and rescue services, 580 p;
• 7. Buhanan A. H., Structural design for fire safety, Wiltshire: John Wiley and sons, LTD. 421 p;
• 8. Chung Kyung-soo, Park Su-hee, Choi Sung-mo, Fire resistance of concrete filled square steel tube columns subjected to eccentric axial load, [In:] Skibniewski M.J et al (ed): The 9th International conference ,,Modern building materials, structures and techniques”. Selected papers, vol. 2. May 16–18, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, pp 500–505;
• 9. Drysdale D., An Introduction to fire dynamics, Second edition. Chichester: 447 p;
• 10. Gałaj J., Computer tests of fire in multi-storey building for different flammable materials, [In:] Skibniewski M.J et al (ed): The 9th International conference “ Modern building materials, structures and techniques. Selected papers, vol. 3. May 16–18, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, pp 1174–1177;
• 11. Gałaj J., A general concept of fire hybrid modelling in compartments, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 15(3): 237-245;
• 12. Gałaj J., A new version of hybrid model of fire in compartments, [In:] Skibniewski M.J et al (ed): The 10th International conference “Modern buildings materials, structures and techniques“. Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, pp 1203–1209;
• 13. Harada T., Time to ignition, heat release rate and fire endurance time of wood in cone calorimeter test, Fire and materials 25: 161-167;
• 14. Hartzell G., Toxicology, 115 p;
• 15. Иванников, В., П, Клюс П. П., Справочник руководителя тушения пожара [Manual for leader of rescue operations]. Москва, 287 p;
• 16. Jonaitis B., Papinigis V., Effect of long-term loading and fire temperatures on mechanical properties of concrete, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 11(4): 283–288;
• 17. Jun-wei Gu, Guang-cheng Zhang, Shan-lai Dong, Qiu-yu Zhang, Jei Kong Study on preparation and fire-retardant mechanism analysis of intumescent flame-retardant coatings, Surface and coatings technology 201: 7835–7841;
• 18. Karpovič Z., Antipireniniais tirpalais impregnuotos medienos užsiliepsnojimo priklausomybė nuo medienos tankio [The influence of flame retardant treated timber density on the combustibility]. Mokslas – Lietuvos ateitis [Science - future of Lithuania] 1(5): 30–33;
• 19. Karpovič Z., Lietuvoje sertifikuotų antipireninių tirpalų efektyvumo tyrimas [The research of the effectiveness of fire-retardant solutions certificated in Lithuania]. [In:] Šapalas A. The Conference “Statybinės konstrukcijos” [Building constructions]: Ed. by, J. Valivonis, L. Juknevičius. February 6, 2009, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, 67–72;
• 20. Karpovič Z., Šukys R., Pušies medienos ir kamštinio ąžuolo pavojingumas smilkimo metu [Riskiness of smouldering pine wood and cork-oak]. Sveikatos mokslai [Health Sciences] 3: 2425–2429;
• 21. Konecki M., Półka M., Simple fire model for comparative studies of critical conditions during combustion of chosen polymer materials, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 15(3): 247–257;
• 22. Koo, J. H., [et al] Fire and polymers, ACS symposium, 797: 356–361;
• 23. Kolbrecki A., Toksyczność i dymotwórczość wyrobów budowlanych [Toxicity and smoky of building materials], Katowice 2000, 300 p;
• 24. Lewin M., Unsolved problems and unanswered questions in flame retardant of polymers, Polymers degradation stability 2005, 88: 9–13;
• 25. Nassar M. M., Thermal studies on paper treated with flame-retardant, Fire and materials 1999,23: 125–129;
• 26. Ozkaya K., [et al] The effect of potassium carbonate, borax and wolmanit on the burning characteristics of oriented strandboard (OSB), Construction and building materials 2007, 21: 1457–1462;
• 27. Półka M., The influence of flame retardant additives on fire properties of epoxy materials, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 2008,14(1): 45-48;
• 28. Stec A., Hull R., Fire toxcity, Woodhead publishing limited 2010: 688 p;
• 29. Seńczuk W., Toksykologia [Toxicity]. Warszawa: 1998, 182 p;
• 30. Šukys R., Karpovič Z., Research on toxicity of pine timber treated and non-treated with fire retardants, [In:] Skibniewski et al (ed) The 10th international conference “Modern buildings materials, structures and techniques“.Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika 2010, pp 1306–1313;
• 31. Žurauskienė R., Nagrockienė D., Influence of the burning parameters to the properties of ceramic bodies, [In:] Skibniewski et al (ed) The 9th International conference “ Modern building materials, structures and techniques“. Selected papers, vol. 1 May 16–18, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika 2007, pp 209–217.