Effectiveness of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) seeds dispersing by small rodents in fragmented forests

• Autorzy: Yang Y. , Yi X.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The effectiveness of dispersers on seeds of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold et Zuccarini) was investigated in three fragmented stands and one primary stand. The proportion of Korean pine trees was less than 7% in the fragmented stands but more than 90% in primary stand. Five estimates related seed dispersal (proportion of removed seeds, scatter-hoarded seeds, cache dynamics, dispersal distance and microhabitat) were assessed to see the effect of forest fragmentation on the probability of seed dispersal of Korean pine seeds. Our results indicated fast seed harvest of Korean pine by small rodents at the seed stations and no difference among the four stands. Scatter-hoarding rodents were potentially important in promoting natural regeneration of Korean pine as revealed by high proportion of seed removal (up to 50%), short seed lifetime from the seed release locations and lower proportion of seeds remained on the ground surface. Although a proportion of seeds were scatter-hoarded in fragmented stands, no seedling successfully established due to heavy predation. Dispersal distances were strongly left-skewed in fragmented stands, indicating that fragmentation is likely to be disadvantageous for longer distance dispersal. The effective dispersal was suffered from a very heavy cost as accompanied by a great portion of seed predation and lower level of scatter-hoarded seeds. Failing to see seedling establishment in fragmented stands rather than in primary stand indicated that fragmentation and deforestation have negative effects on dispersal behavior and consequently seed destination. Artificial tree plantation and pinecone protection are highly recommended for Korean pine regeneration.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

gryzonie; Lesser Xing.an Mountain; Mały Chingan; Pinus koraiensis; regeneracja drzew; rodents; rozprzestrzenianie nasion; seed dispersal; Sosna koreańska; tree regeneration

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 59, nr 2
• Strony: 413--422
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz.,

Twórcy

autor

Yang Y.

autor

Yi X.

• College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Xining road 35, Jianxi District, Luoyang 471003, China

Bibliografia

• 1. Abe H., Matsuki R., Ueno S. Nashimoto M., Hasegawa M. 2006 – Dispersal of Camellia japonica seeds by Apodemus speciosus revealed by maternity analysis of plants and behavioral observation of animal vectors – Ecol. Res. 21: 732–740.
• 2. Chambers J.C. 2001 – Pinus monophylla establishment in an expanding Pinus-Juniperus woodland: environmental conditions, facilitation, and interacting factors – J. Veg. Sci. 12: 27–40.
• 3. Cole F.R., Loope L.L., Medeiros A.C., Raikes J.A., Wood C.S. 1995 – Conservation implications of introduced game birds in high elevation Hawaiian shrubland – Conserv. Biol. 9: 306–313.
• 4. Connell J.H. 1971 – On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion isome marine mammals and in rain forest trees (In: Dynamics of Populations, Eds: P.J. Boer, G. Gradwell) – Center for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp. 298–312.
• 5. Cordeiro N.J., H.F. Howe 2003 – Forest fragmentation severs mutualism between seed dispersers and an endemic African tree – Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 100: 14052–14056.
• 6. Corlett R.T. 2002 – Frugivory and seed dispersal in degraded tropical East Asian landscapes (In: Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Eds: D. Levey, W.R. Silva, M. Galetti) – CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 451–465.
• 7. Duncan R.S., C.A. Chapman 2002 – Limitations of animal seed dispersal for enhancing forest succession on degraded lands (In: Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Eds: D. Levey, W.R. Silva, M. Galetti) – CABI Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 437–450.
• 8. Forget P.M. 1992 – Seed removal and seed fate in Gustavia superba (Lecythidaceae) – Biotropica, 24: 408–414.
• 9. Gomez, C., P. Pons, and J.M. Bas. 2003 – Effects of the Argentine ant. Linepithema humile on seed dispersal and seedling emergence of Rhamnus alaternus – Ecography 26: 532-538.
• 10. Hanzawa F.M. 1988 – Directed dispersal: demographic analysis of an ant-seed mutualism – Am. Nat. 131: 1–13.
• 11. Hollander J.L., Vander Wall S.B. 2004 – Effectiveness of six species of rodents as dispersers of singleleaf piñon pine (Pinus monophylla) – Oecologia, 138: 57–65.
• 12. Howe H.F., Smallwood J. 1982 – Ecology of seed dispersal – Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 13: 201–228.
• 13. Janzen D.H. 1970 – Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests – Am. Nat. 104: 501–528.
• 14. Janzen D.H. 1971 – Seed predation by animals – Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 2: 465–492.
• 15. Johnson W.C., Webb T. 1989 – The role of blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata L.) in the postglacial dispersal of fagaceous trees in eastern North America – J. Biogeogr. 16: 561–571.
• 16. Li H.J., Zhang Z.B. 2003 – Effect of rodents on acorn dispersal and survival of the Liaodong oak (Quercus liaotungensis Koidz.) – For. Ecol. Manage. 176: 387–396.
• 17. Li H.J., Zhang Z.B. 2007 – Effects of mast seeding and rodent abundance on seed predation and dispersal by rodents in Prunus armeniaca (Rosaceae) – For. Ecol. Manag. 242: 511–517.
• 18. Lu C.H. 2002 – Hoarding behavior of Eurasian nutcracker (Nucifraga Caryocatact) and its role in seed dispersal of Korean pine (Pinus Koraiensis) – Acta. Zool. Sin. 48: 317–321 (in Chinese with English abstract).
• 19. Lu C.H. 2003 – Review on the study of relationship between natural regeneration of Korean pine and animals – Chin. J. Ecol. 22: 49–53 (in Chinese with English abstract).
• 20. Steele M.A., Smallwood P.D. 2002 – Acorn dispersal by birds and mammals (In: Oak Forest Ecosystems: Ecology and Management for Wildlife, Eds: W. McShea, W.M. Healy) – Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 182–195.
• 21. Su H.J., Ma J.Z., Zong C. 2007 – Behavior comparison bwetween four diurnal animals on seed consumption and hoarding of Korean pine – Chin. J. Zool. 42: 10–16 (in Chinese with English abstract).
• 22. Theimer T.C. 2001 – Seed scatterhoarding by white-tailed rats: consequences for seedling recruitment by an Australian rain forest tree – J. Trop. Ecol. 17: 177–189.
• 23. Vander Wall S.B. 1990 – Food Hoarding in Animals – University of Chicago Press, 445 pp.
• 24. Vander Wall S.B. 2001 – The evolutionary ecology of nut dispersal – Bot. Rev. 67: 74–117.
• 25. Vander Wall S.B. 2002 – Secondary dispersal of Jeffrey pine seeds by rodent scatter hoarders: the roles of pilfering, recaching, and a variable environment (In: Seed Fate: Seed Predation, Seed Dispersal and Seedling Establishment, Eds: P.M. Forget, J. Lambert, P.E. Hulme, S.B. Vander Wall) – CABI, Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 193–208.
• 26. Vander Wall S.B. 2003 – Effects of seed size of wind-dispersed pines (Pinus) on secondary seed dispersal and the caching behavior of rodents – Oikos, 100: 25–34.
• 27. Villagra P.E., Marone L., Cony M.A. 2002 – Mechanisms affecting the fate of Prosopis flexuosa (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) seeds during early secondary dispersal in the Monte Desert, Argentina – Aust. Ecol. 27: 416–427.
• 28. Wenny D.G. 1999 – Two-stage dispersal of Guarea glabra and G. kunthiana (Meliaccae) in Monteverde, Costa Rica – J. Trop. Ecol. 15: 481–496.
• 29. Wenny D.G., Levey D.J. 1998 – Directed seed dispersal by bellbirds in a tropical cloud forest – Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 95: 6204–6207.
• 30. Wunderle Jr. J.M. 1997 – The role of animal seed dispersal in accelerating native forest regeneration on degraded tropical lands – For. Ecol. Manage. 99: 223–235.
• 31. Xiao Z.S., Jansen P.A., Zhang Z.B. 2006 – Using seed-tagging methods for assessing post-dispersal seed fate in rodent-dispersed trees – For. Ecol. Manage. 223: 18–23.
• 32. Xiao Z.S., Zhang Z.B., Wang Y.S. 2005a – The Effects of seed abundance on seed predation and dispersal by Rodents in Castanopsis fargesii (Fagaceae) – Plant Ecol. 177: 249–257.
• 33. Xiao Z.S., Zhang Z.B., Wang Y.S. 2005b – Effects of seed size on dispersal distance in five rodent-dispersed fagaceous species – Acta Oecol. 28: 221–229.
• 34. Yan H.B., Hao Z.Q., Yang X.Q., Yang Q.P. 2005 – Dynamic changes of Korean pine forest resources in Heilongjiang Province – Chin. J. Ecol. 24: 985–988 (in Chinese with English abstract).
• 35. Yi X.F., Zhang Z.B. 2008 – Seed predation and dispersal of glabrous filbert (Corylus heterophylla) and pilose filbert (Corylus mandshurica) by small mammals in a temperate forest, northeast China – Plant Ecol. 196: 135–142.
• 36. Zhang H.M., Cheng J.R., Xiao Z.S., Zhang Z.B. 2008 – Effects of seed abundance on seed scatter-hoarding of Edward’s rat (Leopoldamys edwardsi Muridae) at the individual level – Oecologia, 158: 57–63.
• 37. Zhang Z.B., Wang F.S. 2001 – Effect of rodents on seed dispersal and survival of wild apricot (Prunus armeniaca) – Acta Ecol. Sin. 21: 839–845.
• 38. Zhang Z.B., Xiao Z.S., Li H.J. 2005 – Impact of small rodents on tree seeds in temperate and subtropical forests, China (In: Seed Fate: Seed Predation, Seed Dispersal and Seedling Establishment, Eds: P.M. Forget, J. Lambert, P.E. Hulme, S.B. Vander Wall) – CABI, Publishing, Wallingford, pp. 269–282.