Warming effects on plant growth, soil nutrients, microbial biomass and soil enzymes activities of two alpine meadows in Tibetan Plateau

• Autorzy: Li N. , Wang G. , Gao Y. , Wang J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The aim of this study was to assess initial effects of warming on the plant growth, soil nutrient contents, microbial biomass and enzyme activities of two most widespread ecosystem types: swamp meadow (deep soil, high water content) and alpine meadow (poor soil, low water content), in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (altitude 4600.4800 m a.s.l.) The temperature of air and upper soil layer was passively enhanced using open-top chambers (OTCs) (50 cm high with 60 cm at opening and constructed of 6 mm thick translucent synthetic glass) from 2006 to 2008. The use of OTCs clearly raised temperature and decreased soil moisture. In warmed plots, monthly mean air temperature was increased by 2.10[degrees]C and 2.28[degrees]C, soil moisture of 20 cm soil layer was decreased by 2.5% and 3.9% in alpine meadow and swamp meadow, respectively. Plant biomass significantly increased by 31% in alpine meadow and 67% in swamp meadow. Warming also affected soil microbial biomass C and N at both meadows. In swamp meadow, warming caused the decrease of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in 0-5 cm layer and an increase in 5-20 cm. While in alpine meadow, these soil parameters increased in 0-5 cm layer and decreased in 5-20 cm layer. The effects of warming on enzyme activities differed depending on the enzyme and the meadow ecosystem. In general, enzyme activities were higher in the upper soil layers (0-5 cm) than in the lower soil layers (5-20 cm). The experiment results exhibited that warming improved the soil biochemical and microbiological conditions in high- mountain meadows, at least in the short term.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

alpine meadow; artificial warming; enzyme activity; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau; soil microbial biomass; soil organic carbon; swamp meadow

PL

aktywność enzymatyczna; biomasa mikroorganizmów; gleba; glebowa substancja organiczna; łąki bagienne; połonina; sztuczne ocieplanie; Wyżyna Tybetańska

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 59, nr 1
• Strony: 25--32
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 53 poz.,Rys., tab.,

Twórcy

autor

Li N.

autor

Wang G.

autor

Gao Y.

autor

Wang J.

• Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolvement and Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610041 Chengdu, China ; Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 10039 Beijing, China,

Bibliografia

• 1. Acosta-Martinez V., Acosta-Mercado D., Sotomayor-Ramrez D., Cruz-Rodrguez L. 2008 – Microbial communities and activities under different management in semiarid soils – Soil Biol. Biochem. 38: 249–260.
• 2. Arft A. M., Walker M. D., Gurevitch J., Alatalo J. M., Bret-Harte M. S., Dale M., Diemer M., Gugerli F., Henry G. H. R., Jones M. H., Hollister R., Jónsdóttir I. S., Laine K., Lévesque E., Marion G. M., Molau, U., Mølgaard P., Nordenhäll U., Raszhivin V., Robinson C. H., Starr G., Stenström A., Stenström M., Totland Ø., Turner L., Walker L., Webber P., Welker J. M., Wookey P. A. 1999 – Response patterns of tundra plant species to experimental warming, a meta-analysis of the International Tundra Experiment – Ecol. Monogr. 6: 491–511.
• 3. Baldrian P., Trögl J., Valàšková V., Merhautvá V., Cajthaml T., Herinková J . 2008 – Enzyme activities and microbial biomass in topsoil layer during spontaneous succesion in spoil heaps after brown coal mining - Soil Biol. Biochem. 40: 2107–2115.
• 4. Barbhuiya A. R., Arunachalam A., Pandey H. N., Arunachalam K., Khan M. L., Nath P. C. 2004 – Dynamics of soil microbial biomass C, N and P in disturbed and undisturbed stands of a tropical wet-evergreen forest – Eur. J. Soil. Biol. 40: 113–121.
• 5. Bever J.D. 2002 – Host-specificity of AM fungal population growth rates can generate feed-back on plant growth – Plant Soil, 244: 281–290.
• 6. Biasi C., Meyer H., Rusalimova O., Hämmerle R., Kaiser C., Baranyi C., Daims H., Lashchinsky N., Barsukov P., Richter A. 2008 – Initial effects of experimental warming on carbon exchange rates, plant growth and microbial dynamics of a lichen-rich dwarf shrub tundra in Siberia – Plant Soil, 307: 191–205.
• 7. Chapin F. S. III., Shaver G. R. 1985 – Individualistic growth response of tundra plant species to manipulation of light, temperature, and nutrients in a field experiment – Ecology, 66: 564–576.
• 8. Chen X., Gou X. 2002 – On the Eco-environmental Protection in the ThreeRiver Headwater Region – Qinghai People’s Press, Xining, China (in Chinese).
• 9. Christensen T. R., Johansson T. R., Akerman H. J., Masterpanov M., Malmer N., Friborg T., Crill P., Svensson B. H. 2004 – Thawing sub-arctic permafrost: effects on vegetation and methane emissions – Geophys. Res. Lett. 31: L04501.
• 10. Davidson E. A., Janssens I. A. 2006 – Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change – Nature, 440: 165–173.
• 11. Ecology and Environment of Three Rivers’ Source Region Compilation Committee, 2002 – Ecology and Environment of Three Rivers’ Source Region – Xining, People’s Publishing House, pp. 184 (in Chinese).
• 12. Erschbamer B. 2001 – Climate change experiments on a glacier foreland in the central Alps. (In Global change and protected areas, Eds: G. Visconti, M. Beniston, E.D Ianorelli, D. Barba) – Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 37–44.
• 13. Graglia E., Jonasson S., Michelsen A., Schmidt I. K. 1997 – Effects of shading, nutrient application and warming on leaf growth and shoot densities of dwarf shrubs in two arctic-alpine plant communities – Ecoscience, 4: 191–198.
• 14. Guan S.Y. 1986 – Soil enzyme and study methods – Beijing: Agricultural Press (in Chinese).
• 15. Gugerli F., Bauert M.R. 2001 – Growth and reproduction of Polygonum viviparum show weak responses to experimentally increased temperature at a Swiss alpine site – Botanica Helvetica, 111: 169–180.
• 16. Hobbie S. E. 1999 – Temperature and plant species control over litter decomposition in Alaskan tundra – Ecol. Mon. 66: 503–522.
• 17. Hollister R.D. 2003 – Response of tundra vegetation to temperature, implications for forecasting vegetation change – PhD Thesis, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 3851XXIV.
• 18. Hollister R. D., Webber P. J., Tweedie C. E. 2005 – The response of Alaskan arctic tundra to experimental warming: differences between short- and long-term responses – Global Change Biol. 11: 525–536. I PCC, climate change 2007 – the Scientific Basis – Summary for policymaker – IPCC WGI Forth Assessment Report.
• 19. Joergensen R. G. 1996 – The fumigation-extraction method to estimate soil microbial biomass, calibration of the kEC value – Soil Biol. Biochem. 28: 25–31.
• 20. Johnson J. L., Temple K. L. 1964 – Some variables affecting the measurement of catalase activity in soil – Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 28: 207–209.
• 21. Jonasson S., Michelsen A., Schmidt I. K., Nielsen E.V., Callaghan T.V. 1996 – Microbial biomass C, N and P in two arctic soils and the responses to addition of NPK fertilizer and carbon, implications for plant nutrient uptake – Oecologia, 106: 515–570.
• 22. Kennedy A.D. 1995 – Simulated climate-change: are passive greenhouses a valid microcosm for testing the biological effects of environmental perturbations – Global Change Biol. 1: 29–42.
• 23. Klanderud K. 2005 – Climate change effects on species interactions in an alpine plant community – J. Ecol. 93: 127–137.
• 24. Körner C. 1998 – A re-assessment of high elevation tree line positions and their explanation Oecologia, 115: 445–459.
• 25. Kudernatsch T., Fischer A., Römermann M.B., Absa C. 2008 – Short-term effects of temperature enhancement on growth and reproduction of alpine grassland species – Basic Appl. Ecol. 9: 263–274.
• 26. Kudo G., Suzuki S. 2003 – Warming effects on growth, production, and vegetation structure of alpine shrubs, A five-year experiment in northern Japan – Oecologia, 135: 280–287.
• 27. Li W. H., Zhou X. M. 1998 – Ecosystems and Optimal Use Ways in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau - Guangdong Scientific and Technological Press, Guangzhou, pp. 19–67 (in Chinese).
• 28. Li Y. S., Wu L. H., Lu X. H., Zhao L. M., Fan Q. L., Zhang F. S. 2006 – Soil microbial biomass as affected by non-flooded plastic mulching cultivation in rice – Biol. Fertil. Soils, 1: 107–111.
• 29. Liao C. F. H., Raines S. G. 1985 – Inhibition of soil urease activity by amido derivatives of phosphoric and thiophosphoric acids – Plant Soil, 85: 149–152.
• 30. Lloyd J., Taylor J. A. 1994 – On the temperature dependence of soil respiration – Func. Ecol. 8: 315–323.
• 31. Marion G. M., Henry G. H. R., Freckman D. W., Johnstone J., Jones G., Jones M. H., Lévesque E., Molau U., Mølgaard P., Parsons A. N., Svoboda J., Virginia R. A. 1997 – Open-top designs for manipulating field temperature in highlatitude ecosystems – Global Change Biol. 3: 20–32.
• 32. McGuire A.D. 2002 – Environmental variation, vegetation distribution, carbon dynamics and water/energy exchange at high latitudes – J. Veg. Sci. 13: 301–314.
• 33. Melillo J. M., Steudler P. A., Aber J. D. 2002 - Soil warming and carbon cycle feedbacks to the climate system – Science, 298: 2173–2176.
• 34. Nadelhoffer K. J., Giblin A. E., Shaver G. R., Laundre J. A. 1991 – Effects of temperature and substrate quality on element mineralization in six arctic soils – Ecology, 72: 242–253.
• 35. Naseby D. C., Lynch J. M. 1997 – Rhizosphere soil enzymes as indicators of perturbation caused by a genetically modified strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens on wheat seed – Soil Biol. Biochem. 29: 1353–1362.
• 36. Paal J., Fremstad E., Möls T. 1997 – Responses of the Norwegian alpine Betula nana community to nitrogen fertilization – Canad. J. Bot. 75: 108–120.
• 37. Pan X. L., Lin B., Liu Q. 2008 – Effects of elevated temperature on soil organic carbon and soil respiration under subalpine coniferous forest in western Sichuan Province, China – Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 19: 1637–1643 (in Chinese).
• 38. Ruess L., Michelsen A., Schmidt I. K., Jonasson S. J. 1999 – Simulated climate change affecting microorganisms, nematode density and biodiversity in subarctic soils – Plant Soil, 212: 63–73.
• 39. Rustad L. E., Campbell J. L., Marion G. M., Norby R. J., Mitchell M. J., Hartley A. E., Cornelissen J. H. C., Gurevitch J., GCTE-NEWS. 2001 – A meta-analysis of the response of soil respiration, net nitrogen mineralization, and aboveground plant growth to experimental ecosystem warming – Oecologia, 126: 543–562.
• 40. Saavedra F., Inouye D. W., Price M. V., Harte J., 2003 – Changes in flowering and abundance of Delphinium nuttallianum (Ranunculaceae) in response to a subalpine climate warming experiment – Global Change Biol. 9: 885–894.
• 41. Sandvik S. M., Heegaard E., Elven R., Vandvik V., 2004 – Responses of alpine snowbed vegetation to long term experimental warming – Ecoscience, 11: 150–159.
• 42. Sprent J. I. 1987 – The ecology of the nitrogen cycle – University Press, Cambridge.
• 43. Tissue D. T., Oechel W. C. 1987 – Response of Eriophorum vaginatum to elevated CO2 and temperature in the Alaskan tussock tundra – Ecology, 68: 401–410.
• 44. Vance E. D., Brookes P. C., Jenkinson D. S. 1987 – An extraction method for measuring soil microbial biomass C – Soil Biol. Biochem. 19: 703–707.
• 45. Wada N., Miyamoto M., Kojima S. 1998 – Responses of reproductive traits to short-term artificial warming in a deciduous alpine shrub Geum pentapetalum (Rosaceae) – Proceedings of the National Institute of Polar Research Symposium on Polar Biology, 11: 137–146.
• 46. Waldrop M. P., Firestone M. K. 2006 – Response of Microbial Community Composition and Function to Soil Climate Change – Microb. Ecol. 52: 716–72 4.
• 47. Wang C. T., Long R. J., Wang Q. L., Liu W., Jing Z. C., Zhang L. 2009 – Fertilization and litter effects on the functional group biomass, species diversity of plants, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity of two alpine meadow communities – Plant Soil, 331: 377-389.
• 48. Wang G. X., Cheng G. D., Shen Y. P. 2001a - Study on the Eco-environments in Headwater Regions and their Comprehensive Protection – Lanzhou University Press, Lanzhou (in Chinese).
• 49. Wang G. X., Li Q., Cheng G. D., Shen Y. P. 2001b – Climate change and its impact on the eco-environment in the source regions of Yangtze and Yellow Rivers in recent 40 years – Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 23: 346–352.
• 50. Wang J. F., Wang G. X., Wang Y. B., Li Y. S. 2007 – Influences of the degradation of swamp and alpine meadows on CO2 emission during growing season on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau – Chinese Sci. Bull. 52: 2565–2574 (in Chinese).
• 51. Watanabe K., Asakawa S., Hayano K. 1994 – Evaluation of extracellular protease activities of soil bacteria – Soil Biol. Biochem. 26: 479–482.
• 52. Welker J. M., Molau U., Parsons A. N., Robinson C. H., Wookey P. A. 1997 – Responses of Dryas octopetala to ITEX environmental manipulations, A synthesis with circumpolar comparisons – Global Change Biol. 3: 61–73.
• 53. Zhou X. M. 2001 – Kobresia Meadow in China - Science Press, Beijing, pp. 188–206 (in Chinese).