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Carlina onopordifolia is longlived monocarpic perennial plant, which reproduces only generatively, however, it flowers and fruits only once in lifespan (10-20 yrs) and after seeds development it dies. Due to this type of reproduction the abundance of population depends on amount of produced seeds, moreover the plant flowers more abundantly every 2-3 years. The plant is highly specialized in respect to habitat and micro-climate conditions. It grows on calcareous and sun-heated slopes, where xerothermic grasslands grow with contribution of species typical for steppe vegetation. In Poland it is a very rare species known only from seven isolated natural stands in south and east part of the country. Differences and year-to-year fluctuations in the frequency and the abundance of generative and vegetative specimens in natural stands were studied in 2006 and 2007 years. The regional differences in leaf rosette size and size of inflorescences were examined. The abundance of population in all stands increased from ca. 13600 plants in 2006 to ca. 31950 in 2007. The G test revealed significant decrease in frequency of flowering plants vs. barren plants between the years in four of all seven stands. The significant differences in mean diameter of leaf rosettes (45; 49; 52 cm) and mean diameter of anthodium of generative specimens (7.17; 7.74; 8.27 cm) were observed in three the most geographically distinct and the most abundant populations. The mean values of leave rosette (44.20; 49.31 cm) and sizes of anthodiums (6.05; 7.61 cm) also changed significantly between the years 2006 and 2007, respectively for all data. It can be concluded that in all stands of the thistle in Poland the synchronization of blooming phase takes place. The observations implicate conclusions important for practice of monitoring which must be conducted at least for two vegetative seasons covering the whole phenology of the species in order to prevent the artifacts.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
89--97
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz.,Rys., tab.,
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
- Institute of Nature Conservation Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Kraków Poland, zdenisiuk@poczta.fm
Bibliografia
- 1. Baker H.G. 1972 − Seed weight in relation to environmental conditions in California − Ecology, 53: 997–1010.
- 2. Becker U., Colling G., Dostal P., Jakobsson J., Matthies D. 2006 − Local adaptation in the monocarpic perennial Carlina vulgaris at different spatial scales across Europe − Oecologia, 150: 506–518.
- 3. Bell G., Koufopanou V. 1986 − The cost of reproduction – Oxford Survey Evolution Biology, 3: 83–131.
- 4. Bisht A.K., Bhatt A., Rawal R.S., Dhar U. 2008 − Assessment of reproductive potential of different populations of Angelica glauca Edgew., critically endangered Himalayan medicine herb − J. Mt Sci. 5: 84–90.
- 5. Bissuel-Belaygue C.A. Cowan A.A., Marshall A.H., Wery J. 2002 − Reproductive development of White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) is not impaired by a moderate water deficit that reduces vegetative growth: I. Inflorescence, floret, and ovule production − Crop Sci. 42: 406–414.
- 6. Bzdon G., Ciosek M.T. 2007 − Condition of Carlina onopordifilia Besser population on Pińczów Hummock − Nat. Conserv. 64: 83–87.
- 7. Denisiuk Z., Chmura D., Adamski P. 2008 − Stan izolowanych naturalnych populacji dziewięćsiłu popłocholistnego Carlina onopordifolia w Polsce [The state of isolated natural populations of thistle Carlina onopordifolia in Poland] − Parki Nar. i Rez. Przyr. 27: 15–32. (in Polish).
- 8. Falińska K. 1991 − Plant demography in vegetation succession − Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, Boston, London.
- 9. Falińska K. 1998 − Plant population biology − W. Szafer Inst. Botany PAS, Kraków, 368 pp.
- 10. Fijałkowski D. 1970 − O cyklicznym zakwitaniu dziewięćsiłu popłocholistnego Carlina onopordifolia Bess. w rezerwacie Rogów na Lubelszczyźnie [On cyclic flowering of carline thistle Carlina onopordifolia Bess in Nature reserve Rogów in Lublin province] − Chrońmy Przyr. Ojcz. 16 (4): 61–62. (in Polish)
- 11. Grime J.P, Hodgson J.G., Hunt R. 2007 − Comparative Plant Ecology. A Functional Approach to common British Species, 2nd Edition – Castlepoint Press, 752 pp.
- 12. Harper J.L. 1977 − Population biology of plants. Academic Press, London.
- 13. Izdebski K. 1959 − Badania fitosocjologiczne i florystyczne w rezerwacie Stawska Góra pod Chełmem [Phytosoziologische und floristiche Untersuchungen in Naturreservat Stawska Góra] − Annales UMCS, C, 13: 213–230. (in Polish).
- 14. Kaźmierczakowa R 2004. − Carlina onopordifolia Besser. Dziewięćsił popłocholistny. (In: Gatunki roślin. Poradnik ochrony siedlisk i gatunków Natura 2000 – podręcznik [Plant species. Guide of protection of habitats and species NATURA 2000] Eds. B. Sudnik-Wójcikowska, H. Werblan-Jakubiec) − Min. Środ, Warszawa, pp. 96–99. (in Polish)
- 15. Kaźmierczakowa R., Zarzycki K. (eds.) 2001 − Polska Czerwona Księga Roślin. Paprotniki i rośliny kwiatowe. [Polish Red Data Book of Plants. Pteridophytes and Flowering Plants] − W. Szafer Inst. Bot. PAS, Kraków, 660 pp. (in Polish)
- 16. Klinkhamer P.G.L., de Jong T.J., Meelis E. 1991. The control of flowering in the monocarpic perennial Carlina vulgaris − Oikos, 61:88–95.
- 17. Klinkhamer P.G.L., de Jong T.J. de Heiden. J.L.H. 1996 – An 8-year study of population-dynamics and life-history variation of the biennial Carlina vulgaris − Oikos, 75:259–268
- 18. Motyka J. 1947 − Rozmieszczenie i ekologia roślin naczyniowych na północnej krawędzi zachodniego Podola [La distribution et l’écologie des plantem vasculaires sur la limite septentrionale de la Podolie occidentale] − Annales UMCS, suppl. 3, C: 1–400. (in Polish).
- 19. Piękoś-Mirkowa H., Mirek Z. 2003 − Flora Polski. Atlas roślin chronionych [Flora of Poland. Atlas of protected plants] − Multico Ofic. Wyd., Warszawa, 584 pp. (in Polish).
- 20. Poznańska Z. 1988 − Germination of seeds of the thistle Carlina onopordifolia Besser under various laboratory conditions − Fragm. Flor. Geobot. 33: 53–69.
- 21. Poznańska Z. 1991a − Carlina onopordifolia Besser – the dynamics of its population in the course of succession of xerothermal swards and the problem of active ecological protection – Ochrona Przyr. 48: 55–83.
- 22. Poznańska Z. 1991b − Stan populacji dziewięćsiłu popochłolistnego Carlina onopordifolia w Polsce w 1990 roku. [The carline thistle Carlina onopordifolia and the state of its population in Poland in the year 1990] − Chrońmy Przyr. Ojcz. 47 (4): 48–53. (in Polish).
- 23. Poznańska Z. 1991c – Carlina onopordifolia Besser – the dynamics of its population in the course of succession of xerothermal swards and the problem of active ecological protection – Ochrona Przyr. 48: 55–83.
- 24. R Development Core Team 2007 − R: A language and environment for statistical computing. – R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.Rproject.org.
- 25. Rees M., Childs D., Metcalf J.C., Rose K.E., Sheppard A.W., Grubb P.J. 2006 – Seed dormancy and delayed flowering in monocarpic plants: selective interactions in a stochastic environment − Am. Nat. 168: E53–E71.
- 26. Rose K.E., Rees M.,. Grubb P.J. 2002 – Evolution in the real world: stochastic variation and the determinants of fitness in Carlina vulgaris − Evolution, 56: 1416–1430.
- 27. Sheldon J.C., Burrows F.M. 1973 − The dispersal effectiveness of the achene-pappus units of selected Compositae in steady winds with convection − New Phytologist 72: 665–675.
- 28. Stearns S.C. 1992 − The evolution of life histories − Oxford Univ. Press.
- 29. Szeljag-Sosonka J.R. ed. 1996 −. Czerwona Kniga Ukraini. Roslinnij swit [Red Data Book of Ukraine. Vegetable Kingdom] − “Ukrainska Enciklopedia”, M.P. Bażan, Kijów, 608 pp.
- 30. Thompson K., Grime J.P. 1983 − A Comparative Study of Germination Responses to Diurnally-Fluctuating Temperatures − J. Appl. Ecol. 20: 141–156.
- 31. Zarzycki K., Szeląg Z. 2006 − Red list of the vascular plants in Poland (In: Red list of plants and fungi in Poland. Eds. Z. Mirek., K. Zarzycki., W. Wojewoda, Z. Szeląg) − W. Szafer Inst. of Bot., PAS, Kraków, pp. 13–20.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BGPK-2379-9066