PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

A 13-year change in ground-layer vegetation of Carpathian beech forests

Autorzy
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
13 year changes in the ground vegetation of natural beech forest were studied in the Babia Góra National Park (South Poland) and compared with the results of similar study in the Ojców National Park published previously (Łysik 2008). In 1-ha permanent research plot homogeneous vegetation patches of the size at least 1m[^2], that differed from neighbouring patches in species composition and/or species share (patch types) were specified and mapped. After intersecting two (for years 1991 and 2004) numerical maps a synthetic map, used then as a basis for evaluating the ground vegetation changes, was created. Changes in each patch and dynamics of each species were derived using adequate formulas. Shannon-Wiener and evenness indices were measured for both years. Comparison of species composition and structure of the herb layer in 1991 and 2004 gives evidence of a highly dynamic nature of the ground layer. On 27% of investigated area vegetation were totally different than 13 years before, while less than 3% of the study area stayed unchanged. On the rest of the area changes of diverse intensity occurred. However, the mean over-plot intensity of changes was about 65% (calculated according to formula 1). Plant cover decreased by about 20%, but at the same time increases were noticed in species number and patch types. There was a significant increase in the area covered by grasses and ferns at the expense of Rubus idaeus L., which used to be a dominant species in 1991. Moreover, cover share of all species become more evenly distributed in comparison with situation 13 years before (evenness index increased from 0.49 to 0.68). The most dynamic species were those associated with decaying stumps and downed logs. These results suggest that, in natural beech forests, overstory dynamics or other mechanisms (like competition with natural recruitment of trees) make the dominance of any species in ground-layer not longer than a decade.
Rocznik
Strony
47--61
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 70 poz.,Rys., tab., wykr., wz.
Twórcy
autor
  • Department of Forest Botany and Nature Conservation, Agricultural University of Cracow, Al. 29 Listopada 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland, maria_lysik@tlen.pl
Bibliografia
  • 1. Aikens M.L., Ellum D., McKenna J.J., Kelty M.J., Ashton M.S. 2007 – The effects of disturbance intensity on temporal and spatial patterns of herb colonization in a southern New England mixed-oak forest – For. Ecol. Manage. 252: 144–158.
  • 2. Bjørnstad O.N. 1991 – Changes in forest soils and vegetation in Søgne, southern Norway, during a 20 year period – Holarctic Ecol. 14: 234–244.
  • 3. Bobbink R., Hornung M., Roelofs J.G.M.1998 – The effects of air-borne nitrogen pollutants on species diversity in natural and semi-natural European vegetation – J. Ecol. 86: 717–738.
  • 4. Bradshaw R.H.W. 1993 – Tree species dynamics and disturbance in three Swedish boreal forest stands during the last two thousand years – J. Veget. Sci. 4: 759–764.
  • 5. Brewer R. 1980 – A half-century of changes in the herb layer of a climax deciduous forest in Michigan – J. Ecol. 68: 823–832.
  • 6. Carøe I., Barfod A.S., Lawesson J.E. 2000 – Temporal dynamics of the ground vegetation in a Danish beech forest – Nordic J. Bot. 20: 585–597.
  • 7. Chytrý M., Danihelka J. 2008 – Long-term changes in the field layer of oak and oak-hornbeam forests under the impact of deer and mouflon – Folia Geobotanica, 28: 225–245.
  • 8. Coll L., Balandier P., Picon-Cochard C., Prévosto B., Curt T. 2003 – Competition for water between beech seedlings and surrounding vegetation in different light and vegetation composition conditions – Ann. For. Sci. 60: 593–600.
  • 9. Collins B.S., Pickett S.T.A. 1988 – Demographic responses of herb layer species to experimental canopy gaps in a northern hardwoods forest – J. Ecol. 76: 437–450.
  • 10. Czerepko J. 2007 – A long-term study of successional dynamics in the forest wetlands – For. Ecol. Manage. 255: 630–642.
  • 11. Danielewicz W., Zientarski J. 2005 – Długoterminowe badania regeneracji boru górnoreglowego w Karkonoszach [Longterm researches on the process of regeneration of subalpine spruce forests in Karkonosze Mountains] (In: Długoterminowe zmiany w przyrodzie terenów chronionych w Polsce: zakres zmian, ich tempo oraz mechanizmy [Long-term changes in the nature of protected areas in Poland: range, rate and mechanisms of changes]) – Symposium in Kraków – Krościenko n/D., 13–15 May 2005 (in Polish).
  • 12. Davis M.A., Wrage K.J., Reich P.B. 1998 – Competition between tree seedlings and herbaceous vegetation: support for a theory of resource supply and demand – J. Ecol. 86: 652–661.
  • 13. Degen T., Devillez F., Jacquemart A.-L. 2005 – Gaps promote plant diversity in beech forests (Luzulo-Fagetum), North Vosges, France – Ann. For. Sci. 62: 429–440.
  • 14. Faliński J.B. 1986 – Vegetation dynamics in temperate lowland primeval forests. Ecological studies in Białowieża Forest – Geobotany, 8: 1–537. Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster.
  • 15. Gálhidy L., Mihók B., Hagyó A., Rajkai K., Standovár T. 2006 – Effects of gap size and associated changes in light and soil moisture on the understorey vegetation of a Hungarian beech forest – Plant Ecol. 183: 133–145.
  • 16. Gazda A. 2001 – Jeżyny – ważny składnik biocenoz leśnych [Blackberries – an important component of forest biocoenoses] – Sylwan, 145: 109–117. (in Polish with English summary).
  • 17. Härdtle W., von Oheimb G., Westphal Ch. 2003 – The effects of light and soil conditions on the species richness of the ground vegetation of deciduous forests in northern Germany (Schlezwig-Holstein) – For. Ecol. Manage. 182: 327–338.
  • 18. Hédl R. 2004 – Vegetation of beech forests in the Rychlebské Mountains, Czech Republic, re-inspected after 60 years with assessment of environmental changes – Plant Ecol. 170: 243–265.
  • 19. Holeksa J. 2003 – Relationship between fieldlayer vegetation and canopy openings in a Carpathian subalpine spruce forest – Plant Ecol. 168: 57–67.
  • 20. Hughes J.W., Fahey T.J. 1991 – Colonization dynamics of herbs and shrubs in a disturbed northern hardwood forest – J. Ecol. 79: 605–616.
  • 21. Izdebski K., Kimsa T., Kozak K., Michna E., Popiołek Z., Stączek A., Zinkiewicz A. 1977 – Influence of habitats of two forest ecosystems on productivity of pine stands in central Roztocze. Part II – Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Lublin-Polonia, Sectio C, 32: 1–43.
  • 22. Janik R. 1997 – Dynamics of the above-ground and under-ground biomass production of the Rubus idaeus and Rubus hirtus species in the conditions of anthropically influenced submountain beech forests – Lesnictvi – Forestry, 43: 79–84.
  • 23. Jelaska S.D., Antonić O., Božić M., Križan J., Kušan V. 2006 – Responses of forest herbs to available understory light measured with hemispherical photographs in silver fir-beech forest in Croatia – Ecol. Model. 194: 209–218.
  • 24. Jonášová M., Prach K. 2008 – The influence of bark beetles outbreak vs. salvage logging on ground layer vegetation in Central European mountain spruce forests – Biol. Conserv. 141: 1525–1535.
  • 25. Kern Ch.C., Palik B.J., Strong T.F. 2006 – Ground-layer plant community responses to even-age and uneven-age silvicultural treatments in Wisconsin northern hardwood forests – For. Ecol. Manage. 230: 162–170.
  • 26. Kirby K.J. 2000 – Long term changes in the ground flora of English woodland and some implications for nature conservation – Proceedings IAVS Symposium, Opulus Press Uppsala, pp. 32–34.
  • 27. Kirby K.J. 2001 – The impact of deer on the ground flora of British broadleaved woodland – Forestry, 74: 219–229.
  • 28. Kwiatkowska A.J. 1994 – Changes in the species richness, spatial pattern and species frequency associated with the decline of oak forest – Vegetatio, 112: 171–180.
  • 29. Lameire S., Hermy M., Honnay O. 2000 – Two decades of change in the ground vegetation of a mixed deciduous forest in an agricultural landscape – J. Veg. Sci. 11: 695–704.
  • 30. Leemans R. 1986 – Structure of the primeval forest of Fiby (In: Forest dynamics research in Western and Central Europe, Ed. J. Fanta) – Pudoc Wageningen, pp. 221–230.
  • 31. Łysik M. 2008 – Ten years of change in groundlayer vegetation of European beech forest in the protected area (Ojców National Park, South Poland) – Pol. J. Ecol. 56: 17–31.
  • 32. Maciejewski Z. 2006 – Dynamika populacji gatunków drzewiastych w zbiorowiskach leśnych o różnej żyzności w Roztoczańskim Parku Narodowym [Dynamics of tree species populations in forest communities differing in soil fertility in the Roztocze National Park] – Unpublished. PhD Thesis, Agricultural University in Krakow (in Polish).
  • 33. Mesjasz A. 1994 – Struktura przestrzenna roślinności dna lasu i jej związek z rzeźbą terenu w rezerwacie „Żarnówka” w Babiogórskim Parku Narodowym [Spatial structure of forest ground vegetation and its relation to microrelief conditions in „Żarnówka” reserve in Babia Góra National Park] – Unpublished. MSc Thesis, Agricultural University in Krakow. (in Polish)
  • 34. Mihók B., Gálhidy L., Kelemen K., Standovár T. 2005 – Study of gap-phase regeneration in a managed beech forest: relations between tree regeneration and light, substrate features and cover of ground vegetation – Acta Silv. Lign. Hung. 1: 25–38.
  • 35. Moore M. R., Vankat J.L. 1986 – Responses of the herb layer to the gap dynamics of a mature beech-maple forest – Am. Midl. Nat. 115: 336–347.
  • 36. Mou P.U., Fahey T.J., Hughes J.W. 1993 – Effects of soil disturbance on vegetation recovery and nutrient accumulation following whole-tree harvest of a northern hardwood ecosystem – J. Appl. Ecol. 30: 661–675.
  • 37. Mountford E.P., Savill P.S., Bebber D.P. 2006 – Patterns of regeneration and ground vegetation associated with canopy gaps in a managed beechwood in southern England – Forestry, 79: 389–408.
  • 38. Naaf T., Wulf M. 2007 – Effects of gap size, light and herbivory on the herb layer vegetation in European beech forest gaps – For. Ecol. Manage. 244: 141–149.
  • 39. von Oheimb G., Brunet J. 2007 – Dalby Söderskog revisited: long-term vegetation changes in a south Swedish deciduous forest – Acta Oecol. 31: 229–242.
  • 40. Økland T., Bakkestuen V., Økland R.H., Eilersten O. 2004 – Changes in forest understorey vegetation in Norway related to long-term soil acidification and climatic change – J. Veg. Sci. 15: 437–448.
  • 41. Olsson B.A., Kellner O. 2006 – Long-term effects of nitrogen fertilization on ground vegetation in coniferous forests – For. Ecol. Manage. 237: 458–470.
  • 42. Palmer M.W., White P.S. 1994 – Scale Dependence and the Species-Area Relationship – Am. Nat. 144: 717–740.
  • 43. Paluch J.G. 2005 – The influence of the spatial pattern of trees on forest floor vegetation and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) regeneration in uneven-aged forests – For. Ecol. Manage. 205: 283–298.
  • 44. Ricard J.-P., Messier Ch. 1996 – Abundance, growth and allometry of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) along a natural light gradient in a northern hardwood forest – For. Ecol. Manage. 81: 153–160.
  • 45. Šamonil P., Vrška T. 2007 – Trends and cyclical changes in natural fir-beech forests at the north-western edge of the Carpathians – Folia Geobotanica, 42: 337–361.
  • 46. Šamonil P., Vrška T. 2008 – Long-term vegetation dynamics in the Šumava Mts. natural spruce-fir-beech forests – Plant Ecol. 196: 197–214.
  • 47. Schumann M.E., White A.S., Witham J.W. 2003 – The effects of harvest-created gaps on plant species diversity, composition, and abundance in a Maine oak-pine forest – For. Ecol. Manage.176: 543–561.
  • 48. Skrzydłowski T., Jaroch N., Stopka J. 2006 – Produkcja nasion w naturalnej buczynie karpackiej w Tatrach na tle buczyn Babiej Góry i Ojcowa [Seed production and dispersal in a Carpathian beech forest in the Tatra Mountains compared with beech forests in Babia Góra and Ojców] (In: Przyroda Tatrzańskiego Parku Narodowego a człowiek. Vol.II. [Human and Nature of Tatra National Park Vol.II] Eds. Z. Mirek, B. Grodzik) – Materials from III Polish Conference “Human and Nature of Tatra National Park”, Zakopane, 13–15 October 2005, pp. 101–106 (in Polish with English summary).
  • 49. Small Ch.J., McCarthy B.C. 2002 – Spatial and temporal variation in the response of understorey vegetation to disturbance in a central Appalachian oak forest – J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 129: 136–153.
  • 50. Smart S.M., Robertson J.C., Shield E.J., van de Poll H.M. 2003 – Locating eutrophication effects across British vegetation between 1990 and 1998 – Global Change Biol. 9: 1763–1774.
  • 51. Suzuki M., Miyashita T., Kabaya H., Ochiai K., Asada M., Tange T. 2007 – Deer density affects ground-layer vegetation differently in conifer plantations and hardwood forests on the Boso Peninsula, Japan – Ecol. Res. 23: 151–158.
  • 52. Szewczyk J. 2007 – Dynamics of natural forest stand in Żarnówka reserve (Babia Góra National Park) (In: Management of forests in changing environmental conditions. Eds. M. Saniga, P. Jaloviar, S. Kucbel) – Technická Univerzita vo Zvolene, Lesnícka Fakulta, pp. 305–311.
  • 53. Szewczyk J., Szwagrzyk J. 1996 – Tree regeneration on rotten wood and on soil in oldgrowth stand – Vegetatio, 122: 37–46.
  • 54. Szwagrzyk J. 1990 – Natural regeneration of forest related to the spatial structure of trees: A study of two forest communities in Western Carpathians, southern Poland – Vegetatio, 89: 11–22.
  • 55. Szwagrzyk J. 2003 – Środowiska i szata roślinna Masywu Babiej Góry [Habitats and vegetation of the Babia Góra Massif] (In: Monografia Fauny Babiej Góry [Fauna of Mt. Babia Góra, Poland] Eds. W.Wołoszyn, D.Wołoszyn, W.Celary), pp. 11–26. (in Polish with English summary).
  • 56. Szwagrzyk J., Szewczyk J. 2001 – Tree mortality and effects of release from competition in an old-growth Fagus-Abies-Picea stand – J. Veg. Sci. 12: 621–626.
  • 57. Szwagrzyk J., Szewczyk J. 2008 – Is natural regeneration of forest stands a continuous process? A case study of an old-growth forest of the Western Carpathians – Pol. J. Ecol., in print.
  • 58. Szwagrzyk J., Szewczyk J., Bodziarczyk J. 1995 – Structure of forest stand in the Żarnówka reserve of the Babia Góra National Park – Fol. For.Pol. Series A, 37: 111–123.
  • 59. Szwagrzyk J., Szewczyk J., Bodziarczyk J. 1997 – Spatial variability of a natural stand in the Babia Góra National Park – Fol. For. Pol., Series A, 39: 61–78.
  • 60. Szwagrzyk J., Szewczyk J., Kaczor K. 1996 – Relationship between stand structure and advanced forest regeneration in an oldgrowth stand of Babia Góra National Park – Pol. J. Ecol. 54: 137–151.
  • 61. Taverna K., Peet R.K., Phillips L.C. 2005 – Long-term change in ground-layer vegetation of deciduous forests of the North Carolina Piedmont, USA – J. Ecol. 93: 202–213.
  • 62. Ujházy K., Križová E., Vančo M., Freňáková E., Ondruš M. 2004 – Herb layer dynamics of primeval fir-beech forests in the central Slovakia (In: Natural forests in the temperate zone of Europe – values and utilization, Eds. B. Commarmot, F. D. Hamor) – Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf & Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, Rakhiv, pp. 193–202.
  • 63. Ulanova N.G. 2000 – The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review – For. Ecol. Manage. 135: 155–167.
  • 64. Vacek S., Bastl M., Lepš J. 1999 – Vegetation changes in forests of the Krkonoše Mts. over a period of air pollution stress (1980–1995) – Plant Ecol. 143: 1–11.
  • 65. Vacek S., Matejka K. 2003 – Vegetation changes in beech and spruce stands in the Orlické hory Mts. in 1951–2001 – J. For. Sci. 49: 445–473.
  • 66. Van Calster H., Baeten L., Verheyen K., De Keersmaeker L., Dekeyser S., Rogister J.E., Hermy M. 2008 – Diverging effects of overstorey conversion scenarios on the understorey vegetation in a former coppice-with-standards forest – For. Ecol. Manage. 256: 1785–1794.
  • 67. Whitney G.G., Foster D.R. 1988 – Overstorey composition and age as determinants of the understorey flora of woods of central New England – J. Ecol. 76: 867–876.
  • 68. Wiegmann S.M., Waller D.M. 2006 – Fifty years of change in northern upland forest understories: Identity and traits of “winner” and “loser” plant species – Biol. Conserv. 129: 109–123.
  • 69. (WRB) World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 1998. World Resources Reports 4 – ISS-ISRIC, Rome, 89 pp.
  • 70. Zenner E.K., Berger A.L. 2008 – Influence of skidder traffic and canopy removal intensities on the ground flora in a clearcut-with-reserves northern hardwood stand in Minnesota, USA – For. Ecol. Manage. 256: 1785–1794.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BGPK-2379-9005
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.