An integrated study (inoceramid bivalves, ammonites, calcareous nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera, stable carbon isotopes) of the Ten Mile Creek section, Lancaster, Dallas County, north Texas, a candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point

• Autorzy: Gale A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The WalMart section on Ten Mile Creek, Lancaster, Dallas County, Texas, exposes a 23 metre section of Austin Chalk that can be integrated into a more than 60 m composite sequence for the Dallas area on the basis of bed-by-bed correlation. The section was proposed as a possible candidat e Global Boundary Stratotype at the 1995 Brussels meeting on Cretaceous Stage boundaries, with the first occurrence of the inoceramid bivalve Cladoceramus undulatoplicatus (ROEMER, 1852) as the potential boundary marker. An integrated study of the inoceramid bivalves, ammonites, planktonic foraminifera, and calcareous nannofossils places the first occurrence of Cl. undulatoplicatus in a matrix of ten ancillary biostratigraphic markers. The candidate Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) is located within a composite stable carbon isotope curve for the Austin Chalk as a whole. This shows it to lie 3.5 m below the Michel Dean stable carbon isotope event, originally recognised in the English Chalk. The first occurrence of Cl. undulatoplicatus lies in the same position in relation to stable carbon isotope events in both Texas and England that can in principle be recognised globally in marine sediments. The WalMart section satisfies many of the criteria required of a GSSP for the base of the Santonian Stage, although ownership and access require clarification.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ammonites; calcareous nannofossils; carbon isotopes; foraminifera; inoceramid bivalves; Santonian; Texas

PL

amonity; izotop węgla; otwornice; santon; Teksas

• Wydawca: Faculty of Geology of the University of Warsaw ; Komitet Nauk Geologicznych PAN
• Czasopismo: Acta Geologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: Vol. 57, no. 2
• Strony: 113--160
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 98 poz.,Fot., rys., tab., wy

Twórcy

autor

Gale A.

• School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK,

Bibliografia

• ADKINS, W.S. 1928. Handbook of Texas Cretaceous fossils. University of Texas Bulletin, 2838, 385 pp.
• ATABEKIAN, A.A.1974. Inoceramids, pp. 211-218, 402-424. In: Atlas of fossil fauna of Armenian SSR. Izdatelstvo Akademii Nauk Armianskoy SSR, Erevan. [In Russian]
• BARROIS, C. 1879. Sur quelques espèces nouvelles ou peu connues du terrain crétacé du Nord de la France. Annales de la Société Géologique du Nord, 6, 449-457.
• BESAIRIE, H. 1930. Recherches géologiques à Madagascar. Contribution à l’étude des resources minérales. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 60, 345-616.
• BÖHM, J. 1915. Vorlage von Inoceramen aus dem subhercynen Emscher und Untersenon. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft, 67, 181-183.
• BOWN, P.R. (Ed.) 1998. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. 315 pp. British Micropalaeontological Society Publications Series. Chapman and Hall/Kluwer Academic Publishers; London.
• BOWN, P.R. & YOUNG, J.R. 1998. Techniques, pp. 16-28. In: BOWN, P.R. (Ed.), Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropalaeontological Society Publications Series. Chapman and Hall/Kluwer Academic Publishers; London.
• BURNETT, J.A., with contributions from GALLAGHER, L.T. & HAMPTON, M.J. 1998. Upper Cretaceous, pp. 132-199. In: BOWN, P.R. (Ed.). Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy. British Micropalaeontological Society Publications Series. Chapman and Hall/Kluwer Academic Publishers; London.
• CARON, M. 1985. Cretaceous planktic foraminifera, pp. 17-86. In: BOLLI, H.M. & al. (Eds), Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge.
• COBBAN, W.A., DYMAN, T.S. & PORTER, K.W. 2005. Paleontology and stratigraphy of upper Coniacian – middle santonian ammonite zones and application to erosion surfaces and marine transgressive strata in Montana and Alberta. Cretaceous Research, 26, 429-449.
• COLLIGNON, M. 1948. Ammonites néocrétacées du Menabe (Madagascar). I. Les Texanitidae. Annales Géologiques du Service des Mines de Madagascar, 13, 49-107 (1-63); 14, 7-101 (64-120).
• DHONDT, A.V. & DIENI, I. 1990. Unusual inoceramidspondylid association from the Cretaceous Scaglia Rossa of Passo del Brocon (Trento, N. Italy) and its palaeoecological significance. Memorie di Scienze Geologiche, 42, 155-187.
• EL AMRI, Z. & ZAGHBIB-TURKI, D. 2005. Characterisation of the Coniacian/Santonian transition in the Ellés and El Kef sections (northern Tunisia). Journal of Iberian Geology, 31, 99-111.
• GALE, A. S., HANCOCK, J.M., KENNEDY, W.J., LEES, J.A., PETRIZZO, M.R., WALASZCZYK, I. & WRAY, D. S. in press. An integrated study (geochemistry, stable oxygen and carbon isotopes, nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera, inoceramid bivalves, ammonites and crinoids) of the Waxahachie Spillway section, north Texas: a possible boundary stratotype for the base of the Campanian Stage. Cretaceous Research
• GROSSOUVRE, A. DE. 1894. Recherches sur la craie supérieure, 2. Paléontologie. Les ammonites de la craie supérieure. 264 pp. Mémoires du Service de la Carte Géologique détaillée de la France; Imprimerie nationale; Paris. [misdated 1893]
• HAMPTON, M.J., BAILEY, H.W., GALLAGHER, L.T., MORTIMORE, R.N. & WOOD, C.J. 2007. The biostratigraphy of Seaford Head, Sussex, southern England; an international reference section for the basal boundaries for the Santonian and Campanian Stages in chalk facies. Cretaceous Research, 28, 46-60.
• HANCOCK, J.M. & WALASZCZYK, I. 2004. Mid-Turonian to Coniacian changes of sea level around Dallas, Texas. Cretaceous Research, 25, 459-471.
• HEINE, F. 1929. Die Inoceramen des mittelwestfälischen Emschers und unteren Untersenons. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt, Neue Folge, 120, 1-124.
• HEINZ, R. 1928. Das Inoceramen-Profil der Oberen Kreide Lüneburgs. Mit Anführung der neuen Formen und deren Kennzeichnung. [Beiträge zur Kenntnis der oberkretazischen Inoceramen I.] Jahresbericht des Niedersächsischen geologischen Vereins zu Hannover, 21, 64-81.
• HEINZ, R. 1932. Aus der neuen Systematik der Inoceramen. [Beiträge zur Kenntnis der oberkretazischen Inoceramen XIV.] Mitteilungen aus dem Mineralogisch-Geologischen Staatsinstitut, Hamburg, 13, 1-26.
• HOWE, R.W., SIKORA, P.J., GALE, A.S., & BERGEN, J.A. 2007. Calcareous nannofossil and planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of proposed stratotypes for the Coniacian/Santonian boundary: Olazagutía,
• northern Spain; Seaford Head, southern England; and Ten Mile Creek, Texas, USA. Cretaceous Research, 28, 61-92.
• HYATT, A. 1889. Genesis of the Arietidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 673, xi + 239 pp.
• JACOBSEN, J, M. 1961. Vertical distribution of foraminifera in the Lower Chalk Member of the Austin Formation, southern Dallas County, Texas. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.
• JARVIS, I., GALE, A. S., JENKYNS, H. C. & PEARCE, A. 2006. Secular variation in Late Cretaceous carbon isotopes: a new δ13C carbonate reference curve for the Cenomanian-Campanian (99.6-70.6 Ma). Geological Magazine, 143, 561-608.
• JENKYNS, H.C., GALE, A.C. & CORFIELD, R.M. 1994. Carbon- and oxygen-isotope stratigraphy of the English Chalk and Italian Scaglia and its palaeoclimatic significance. Geological Magazine, 131, 1-34.
• KAPLAN, U. & KENNEDY, W.J., 2000. Santonian ammonite stratigraphy of the Münster Basin, NW Germany. Acta Geologica Polonica, 50, 99-117.
• KAUFMAFN, E.G. 1970. The Upper Cretaceous Inoceramus of Puerto Rico. Transactions of the Fourth Caribbean Geological Conference, Trinidad 1965, 203-218.
• KAUFMAFN, E.G. 1973. Cretaceous Bivalvia. In: HALLAM, A. (Ed.), Atlas of palaeobiogeography, pp. 353-383. Elsevier; Amsterdam – London – New York.
• KENNEDY, W.J. 1987. Ammonites from the type Santonian and adjacent parts of northern Aquitaine, western France. Palaeontology, 30, 765-782.
• KENNEDY, W.J. 1995. Systematic Palaeontology, pp. 388-433. In: KENNEDY, W.J., BILOTTE, M. & MELCHIOR, P., Ammonite faunas, biostratigraphy and sequence stratigraphy of the Coniacian-Santonian of the Corbières. Bulletin des Centres de Recherches Exploration-Production Elf-Aquitaine, 19, 377-499.
• KENNEDY, W.J. & KAPLAN, U. 2000. Ammonitenfaunen aus dem hohen Oberconiac und Santon in Westfalen. Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen, 57, 1-131.
• KENNEDY, W.J., WALASZCZYK, I. & KLINGER, H.C. (in press). Associations of Cladoceramus (Bivalvia, Inoceramidae) and ammonites from the Santonian of KwaZulu, South Africa. Cretaceous Research.
• KLINGER, H.C. & W.J. KENNEDY. 1980. Cretaceous faunas from Zululand and Natal, South Africa. The ammonite subfamily Texanitinae Collignon, 1948. Annals of the South African Museum, 80, 1-357.
• LAMOLDA, M.A 2002. Meeting on the Coniacian/Santonian Boundary. Abstracts and Field Guide. Bilbao, September 14-16, 2002, 66 pp. Instituto Geológico y Minero de Espanã; Lejona.
• LAMOLDA, M.A. & HANCOCK, J.M., 1996. The Santonian Stage and substages. In: RAWSON, P.F., DHONDT, A.V., HANCOCK, J.M. & KENNEDY, W.J. (Eds), Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries, Brussels 8-16 September 1995. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre, 66 (Supplement), 95-102.
• LAMOLDA, M.A, MELINTE, M.C., & PERYT, D. 1999. Datos micropaleontológicos preliminares sobre el límite Coniaciense-Santoniense en Olazagutia (Navarra, España). Revista Española de Micropaleontología, 31, 337-345.
• LAMOLDA, M.A, PERYT, D. & ION, J. 2007. Planktonic foraminiferal bioevents in the Coniacian/Santonian boundary interval at Olazagutia, Navarra province, Spain. Cretaceous Research, 28, 18-29.
• LARSON, P.A., MORIN, R.W., KAUFFMAN, E.G. & LARSON, A 1991. Sequence stratigraphy and cyclicity of Lower Austin/Upper Eagle Ford outcrops (Turonian-Coniacian), Dallas County, Texas. Dallas Geological Society Field Trip Guide, 9, 61 pp.
• LASSWITZ, R. 1904. Die Kreide-Ammoniten von Texas (Collectio F. ROEMER). Geologische und Palaeontologische Abhandlungen, N.S., 6, 221-259.
• LEES, J. A. 2002. Calcareous nannofossil biogeography illustrates palaeoclimate change in the Late Cretaceous Indian Ocean. Cretaceous Research, 23, 537–634.
• LEES, J. A. & BOWN, P.R. 2005. Upper Cretaceous calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, ODP Leg 198 (Shatsky Rise, northwest Pacific Ocean). Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, 198, 1-60.
• LOEBLICH, A. R. JR & TAPPAN, E. 1987. Foraminiferal genera and their classification. 970 pp. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company; New York.
• LÓPEZ, G. 1992. Paleontología y bioestratygrafía de los inocerámidos (Bivalvia) del Cretácico superior de la Cuenca Navarro-Cántabra y de la Plataform Norcastellana. Parte III: Estudio sistemático del subgénero Platyceramus Seitz. Boletín Geológico y Minero, 103, 643-701.
• MASTERS, B.A. 1977. Mesozoic planktonic foraminifera, a world-wide review and analysis. In: RAMSAY, A.T.S. (Ed.), Oceanic Micropaleontology, vol.1, 301-731. Academic Press; London.
• MATSUMOTO, T. 1955. Evolution of the Peroniceratidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, N.S., 18, 37-44.
• MATSUMOTO, T., NODA, M. & KOZAI, T. 1982. Upper Cretaceous inoceramids from the Monobe Area, Shikoku. In: Multidisciplinary research in the upper Cretaceous of the Monobe area, Shikoku. Special Papers of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, 25, 53-68.
• MATSUMOTO, T. & UEDA, Y. 1962. Palaeontological Notes. In: UEDA, Y., The Type Himenoura Group. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science of Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 12, 161-178.
• MELINTE, M.C.& LAMOLDA, M.A. 2002. Calcareous nannofossils around the Coniacian/Santonian boundary interval in the Olazagutía section (N. Spain). In: WAGREICH, M. (Ed.), Aspects of Cretaceous Stratigraphy and Palaeobiogeography. Proceedings of the 6th International Cretaceous Symposium, Vienna, 2000. Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Schriftenreihe der Erdwissenschaftlischen Kommissionen, 15, 351-364.
• MELINTE, M.C.& LAMOLDA, M.A. 2007. Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of the Coniacian/Santonian boundary interval in Romania and comparison with other European regions. Cretaceous Research, 28, 119-127.
• NEDERBRAGT, A.J. 1990. Biostratigraphy and paleoceanographic potential of the Cretaceous planktic foraminifera Heterohelicidae. 204 pp. Ph.D. thesis. Centrale Huisdrukkerij Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Amsterdam.
• NODA, M. 1983. Notes on the so-called Inoceramus japonicus (Bivalvia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Japan. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, N.S., 132, 191-219.
• NODA, M. 1986. A new species of Inoceramus (Cordiceramus) (Bivalvia) from the Upper Coniacian (Cretaceous) of Hokkaido. Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, N.S., 142, 354-365.
• ØDUM, H. 1953. De geologiska resultaten från Borrningarna vid Höllviken. Del V: The macro-fossils of the Upper Cretaceous. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Series C, 527, 1-37.
• ORBIGNY, A.d’. 1850: Prodrome de Paléontologie stratigraphique universelle des animaux mollusques et rayonnés, 2, 428 pp. Masson; Paris.
• PERCH-NIELSEN, K. 1983. Recognition of Cretaceous Stage Boundaries by means of calcareous nannofossils, pp. 152-156. In: BIRKELUND, T., BROMLEY, R.G., CHRISTENSEN, W.K., HÅKANSSON, E. & SURLYK, F. (Eds), Symposium on Cretaceous Stage Boundaries, Copenhagen, October 18-21, 1983, Abstracts. University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen.
• PERCH-NIELSEN, K. 1985. Mesozoic calcareous nannofossils, pp. 329-426. In: BOLLI, H.M., SAUNDERS, J.B. & PERCH-1, K. (Eds), Plankton Stratigraphy. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge.
• PESSAGNO, E.A. 1967. Upper Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera from the western Gulf Coastal Plain. Paleontographica Americana, 5, 245-445.
• PETRIZZO, M.R. 2000. Upper Turonian-lower Campanian planktonic foraminifera from southern mid-high latitudes (Exmouth Plateau, NW Australia): biostratigraphy and taxonomic notes. Cretaceous Research, 21, 479-505.
• PETRIZZO, M.R. 2003. Late Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal bioevents in the Tethys and in the Southern Ocean record: an overview. Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 33, 330–337.
• PREMOLI SILVA, I. & SLITER, W.V. 1995. Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphy and evolutionary trends from the Bottaccione section, Gubbio, Italy. Paleontographia Italica, 82 [1994], 89 pp.
• PREMOLI SILVA, I. & SLITER, W.V. 1999. Cretaceous paleoceanography: evidence from planktonic foraminiferal evolution. In: BARRERA, E. & JOHNSON, C.C. (Eds), The evolution of the Cretaceous ocean/climate system. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 332, 301-328.
• REMANE, J., BASSETT, M.G., COWIE, J.W., GOHRBANDT, K.H., LANE, H.R., MICHELSEN, O. & NAIMEN, W. 1996. Revised guidelines for the establishment of global chronostratigraphic boundaries by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS). Episodes, 19, 77-80.
• ROBASZYNSKI, F. & CARON, M. 1995. Foraminiféres planctoniques du Crétacé: commentaire de la zonation Europe Méditerranée. Bulletin de le Société Géologique de France, 166, 681-692.
• ROBASZYNSKI, F., GONZÁLES DONOSO, J. M., LINARES, D., AMÉDRO, F., CARON, M., DUPUIS C., DHONDT, A.V. & GARTNER, S. 2000. Le Crétacé supérieur de la région de Kalaat Senan, Tunisie centrale. Litho-biostratigraphie intégrée: zones d’ammonites, de foraminifères planctoniques et de nannofossiles du Turonien supérieur au Maastrichtien. Bulletin des Centres de recherches Exploration-Production Elf Aquitaine, 22, 359-490.
• ROEMER, F. 1849. Texas. Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deutsche Auswanderung und die physischen Verhältnisse des Landes nach eigener Beobachtung geschildert von Dr Ferdinand ROEMER.xiv + 464 pp. Adolph Marcus; Bonn.
• ROEMER, F. 1852. Kreidebildungen von Texas und ihre organischen Einschlüsse, vi +100 pp. Adolph Marcus; Bonn.
• SALAJ, J. 1987. Integrated microbiostratigraphy of the Albian to basal Santonian and its problems. Geologický Zborník – Geologica Carpathica, 38, 357-370.
• SCHLÜTER, C. 1887. Einige Inoceramen und Cephalopoden der texanischen Kreide. Sitzungsbericht der Niederrheinischen Gesellschaft für Natur und Heilkunde, Bonn. Verhandlungen des Naturhisorischen Vereins Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalen, 44, 42-45.
• SEIBERTZ, E. 1996. Endemic and cosmopolitan Inoceramus species from Egyptian Upper Cretaceous trans- and regression cycles. Mitteilungen aus dem Geologisch-Paläontologischen Institut der Universität Hamburg, 77 [Jost Wiedmann Memorial Volume], 315-335.
• SEITZ, O. 1961. Die Inoceramen des Santon von Nordwestdeutschland. I. Teil. Die Untergattungen Platyceramus, Cladoceramus und Cordiceramus. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 46, 1-186.
• SEITZ, O. 1962. Über Inoceramus (Platyceramus) mantelli Mercey (Barrois) aus dem Coniac und die Frage des Byssus-Ausschnittes bei Oberkreide-Inoceramen. Geologisches Jahrbuch, 79, 353-386.
• SEITZ, O. 1965. Die Inoceramen des Santon und Unter-Campan von Nordwestdeutschland. II. Teil. Biometrie, Dimorphismus und Stratigraphie der Untergattung Sphenoceramus J. Böhm. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 69, 1-194.
• SEITZ, O. 1967. Die Inoceramen des Santon und Unter-Campan von Nordwestdeutschland. III. Teil. Taxonomie und Stratigraphie der Untergattungen Endocostea, Haenleinia, Platyceramus, Cladoceramus, Selenoceramus und Cordiceramus mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Parasitismus bei diesen Untergattungen. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 75, 1-171.
• SEITZ, O. 1970. Über einige Inoceramen aus der Oberen Kreide. 1. Die Gruppe des Inoceramus subquadratus Schlüter und der Grenzbereich Coniac/Santon. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch, 86, 3-103.
• SIGAL, J. 1977. Essai de zonation du Crétacé méditerranéen à l’aide des foraminifères planctoniques. Géologie Méditerranéenne, 4, 99-108.
• SISSINGH, W. 1977. Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous calcareous nannoplankton. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 56, 37-65.
• SISSINGH, W. 1978. Microfossil biostratigraphy and stage-stratotypes of the Cretaceous. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 57, 433-440.
• SORNAY, J. 1964. Sur quelques nouvelles espèces d’Inocérames du Sénonien de Madagascar. Annales de Paléontologie (Invertébrés), 50, 167-179.
• SORNAY, J. 1969. Espèces et sous-espèces sénoniennes nouvelles de la faune d’Inocérames de Madagascar. Annales de Paléontologie (Invertébrés), 55, 195-222.
• SOWERBY, J. & SOWERBY, J. DE C. 1823-1829. The mineral conchology of Great Britain or coloured figures and descriptions of those testaceous animals or shells which have been preserved at various times and depths in the Earth, 5, 170 pls. The Author; London.
• SPATH, L.F. 1932. A monograph of the Ammonoidea of the Gault. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, Part 9, 379-410.
• SZÁSZ, L. 1985. Contributions to the study of the Inoceramus fauna of Romania. I. Coniacian Inoceramus from the Babadag Basin (North Dobrogea). Mémoire de l’Institut de Géologie et de Géophysique, 32, 137-184.
• TOSHIMITSU, S. 1988. Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous Santonian Stage in northwestern Hokkaido. Memoirs of the Faculty of Science of Kyushu University, Series D, Geology, 26, 125-192.
• TOSHIMITSU, S., MATSUMOTO, T., NODA, M., NISHIDA, T. & MAIYA, S. 1995. Towards an integrated mega-, micro- and magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous in Japan. Journal of the Geological Society of Japan, 101, 19-29. [In Japanese]
• TOSHIMITSU, S., MAIYA, S., INOUE, Y. & TAKAHASHI, T. 1998. Integrated megafossil-foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Santonian to lower Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) succession in northwestern Hokkaido, Japan. Cretaceous Research, 19, 69-85.
• TZANKOV, V. 1981. Bivalvia. In: TZANKOV, V., PAMOUKTCHIEV, A., TCHECHMEDJIEVA, V. & MOTEKOVA, N., N. Les Fossiles de Bulgarie, V. Crétacé Supérieur, pp. 73-151. BAN; Sofia.
• WALASZCZYK, I. 2004. Inoceramids and inoceramid biostratigraphy of the Upper Campanian to basal Maastrichtian of the Middle Vistula River section, central Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 54 , 95-168.
• WALASZCZYK, I., COBBAN, W.A. & HARRIES, P.J. 2001. Inoceramids and inoceramid biostratigraphy of the Campanian and Maastrichtian of the United States Western Interior Basin. Revue de Paléobiologie, 20, 117-234.
• WALASZCZYK, I. & COBBAN, W.A. 2006. Palaeontology and biostratigraphy of the Middle-Upper Coniacian and Santonian inoceramids of the US Western Interior. Acta Geologica Polonica, 56, 241-348.
• WALASZCZYK, I. & COBBAN, W.A. 2007. Inoceramid fauna and biostratigraphy of the upper Middle Coniacianlower Middle Santonian of the Pueblo Section (SE Colorado, US Western Interior). Cretaceous Research, 28, 132-142.
• WEGNER, T. 1905. Die Granulatenkreide des westlischen Münsterlandes. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft , 57, 112–232.
• WIEDMANN, J. 1994. Systematic description of the agedefining ammonites In: GISCHLER, E., GRÄFE, K.-U. & WIEDMANN, J. The Upper Cretaceous Lacazina Limestone in the Basco-Cantabrian and Iberian Basins of northern Spain: cold-water grain associations in warm-water environments. Facies, 30, 209-246.
• WILLIAMS, T. E. 1957. Correlation by insoluble residues in the Austin Chalk of southern Dallas County, Texas. Field and Laboratory, 25, 37-45.
• WOODS, H. 1912. A monograph of the Cretaceous Lamellibranchia of England. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 2, Part 8 (for 1911), 285-340.
• WRIGHT, C.W. & WRIGHT, E.V. 1951. A survey of the fossil Cephalopoda of the Chalk of Great Britain. Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 104, 1-40.
• YOUNG, K. 1963. Upper Cretaceous ammonites from the Gulf Coast of the United States. University of Texas Bulletin, 6304, ix + 373 pp.
• ZITTEL, K.A. VON 1884. Handbuch der Palaeontology, 1, Abt. 2; Lief 3, Cephalopoda, pp. 329-522. R. Oldenbourg; München & Leipzig.