Analysis of microsatellite polymorphism and genetic differentiation in urban and rural kestrels Falco tinnunculus (L.)

• Autorzy: Rutkowski Robert , Rejt Łukasz , Szczuka Anna
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The European Kestrel Falco tinnunculus (L.) is commonly observed in urban-industrial environment. Colonization of cites by the species was shown to be interlinked with changes in its ecology and breeding biology. Such adaptations can lead to isolation of urban populations from rural birds. In this paper we investigated genetic differentiation between birds from centre of Warsaw (Centre Group), suburban area of the city (Suburban Group) and one rural area (Rural Group). We analyse polymorphism of six microsatellite loci in 56 kestrels. The results shown moderate and significant differentiation between Centre and Rural groups and intermediate differentiation among Suburban and two other groups. Although our study is based on small number of individuals and only one rural sampling site, it suggested some level of isolation between city and rural environment. We assumed that observed differentiation might be the result of Urban Island system of appearance and maintenance of kestrel population in Warsaw. We also suspect that suburban areas of the city form a 'zone of admixture', where genes from the city and non-urban populations are 'meeting'.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

genetic differentation; microsatellites; synurbization

PL

Falco tinnunculus; pustułka

• Wydawca: Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Ecology
• Rocznik: 2006
• Tom: Vol. 54, nr 3
• Strony: 473--480
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 35 poz.,

Twórcy

autor

Rutkowski Robert

• Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Rejt Łukasz

• Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Szczuka Anna

• Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology Polish Academy of Sciences, Pasteura 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland

• Museum and Institute of Zoology Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland,

Bibliografia

• Andrzejewski R., Babińska-Werka J., Gliwicz J., Goszczyński J. 1978 – Synurbization processes in an urban population of Apodemus agrarius. I. Characteristics of population in urbanization gradient – Acta Theriol. 23: 341–358.
• Cramp S. 1985 – The birds of Western Palearctic. Vol. 4 – Oxford University Press, Oxford.
• Gehlbach F.R. 1996 – Eastern Screech Owls in suburbia: a Model of Raptor Urbanization (In: Raptors in Human Landscapes, Eds. D.M. Bird., D. Varland, J.J. Negro) – Academic Press, pp. 69–76.
• Gillbert O.L. 1989 – The Ecology of Urban Habitats – London–N. York. Chapman and Hall.
• Gloor S., Bontadina F., Hegglin D., Deplazes P., Breitenmos er U. 2001 – The rise of urban fox populations in Switzerland - Mammal. Biol. 66: 155–164.
• Goodman S.J. 1997 – RstCalc: a collection of computer programs for calculating estimates of genetic differentiation from microsatellite data and determining their significance Mol. Ecol. 6: 881–885.
• Goudet J. 2001 – FSTAT V2.9.3, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices. (available on: http://www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.htlm).
• Harris S. 1984 – Ecology of urban badgers Meles meles – distribution in Britain and habitat selection, persecution, food and damage in the city of Bristol – Biological Conservation, 28: 349–375.
• Hartl D.L., Clark A.G. 1997 – Principles of Population Genetics – 3rd ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc, Sunderland, MA, 481 pp.
• Hedrick P.W., Gutierrez-Espeleta G.A., Lee R.N. 2001 – Founder effect in an island population of bighorn sheep – Mol. Ecol. 10: 851–857.
• Hille S.M., Nesje M., Segelbacher G. 2003 – Genetic structure of kestrel populations and colonization of the Cape Verde archipelago - Mol. Ecol. 12: 2145–2151.
• Katz B., Bradley J. 1999 – Urban affairs: divided we sprawl – The Atlantic Monthly, 284: 26–42.
• Korpimäki E., Lahti K., May C.A., Parkin D.T., Powell G.B., Tolonen P., Wetton J.H. 1996 – Copulatory behaviour and paternity determined by DNA fingerprinting in kestrels: effects of cyclic food abundance – Animal Behav. 51: 945–955.
• Luniak M. 2004. Synurbization – adaptation of animal wildlife to urban development. (In: Proc. 4th Int. Symp. Urban Wildl. Conserv., Eds. W.W. Shaw., L.K. Harris, L. VanDruff) Univ. Tucson, Arizona, pp. 50–55.
• Makse H.A., Havlin S., Stanley H.E. 1995 - Modelling urban growth patterns – Nature, 377: 608–612.
• Mougeot F. 2000 – Territorial intrusions and copulation patterns in red kites, Milvus milvus, in relation to breeding density – Animal Behav. 59: 633–642.
• Møller Nielsen S. 1990 – The food of rural and suburban woodland foxes Vulpes vulpes. Denmark – Natura Jutlandica, 23: 25–32.
• Nei M., Roychoudhury A. K. 1974 – Sampling variances of heterozygosity and genetic distance – Genetics, 76: 379–390.
• Nesje M., Roed K.H., Lifjeld J.T., Lindberg P., Steen O.F. 2000 – Genetic relationships in the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) analysed by microsatellite DNA markers – Mol. Ecol. 9: 53–60.
• Nilon C.H., Pais R.C. 1997 – Terrestrial vertebrates in urban ecosystems: developing hypothesis for the Gwynns Falls Watershed in Baltimore, Maryland – Urban Ecosyst. 1: 247–257.
• Paekal R., Smouse P.E. 2001 – GenAlEx V5: - Genetic Analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. (available on: http://www.anu.ed.au/BoZo/GenAlEx/).
• Petit R.J., el Mousadik A., Pons O. 1998 - Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers – Conserv. Biol. 12: 844–855.
• Pikula J., Beklova M., Kubik V. 1984 – The nidobiology of Falco tinnunculus – Acta Sc. Nat. Brno 18: 1–55.
• Plesnik J. 1990 – Long-term study of some urban and extra-urban populations of the Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus L.) (In: Proc 11th Int. Conf. Bird Census Atlas Work, Eds. K. Statny, V. Bejcek) – Prague, pp. 453–458.
• Raymond M., Rousset F. 1995 – GENEPOP (v. 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism – J. Heredity, 86: 248–249.
• Rejt Ł. 2001 – Peregrine Falcon and Kestrel in urban environment – the case of Warsaw (In: Naturschutz und Verhalten, Eds. E. Gottschalk, Barkow, M. Muehlenberg, J. Settele) UFZ-Bericht, 2, pp. 81–85.
• Rejt Ł., Rutkowski R., Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska A. 2004 – Genetic variability of urban Kestrels in Warsaw – preliminary data – Zool. Pol. 49: 199–209.
• Rousset F. 1999 – Genetic differentiation within and between two habitats – Genetics, 151: 397–407.
• Rutkowski R., Rejt Ł., Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska A., Jagołkowska P. 2005 – Urbanization gradient and genetic variability of birds – example of Kestrels in Warsaw – Berkut, 14: 130–136.
• Salvati L., Manganaro A., Fattorini S., Piatella E. 1999 – Population features of Kestrels Falco tinnunculus in urban, suburban and rural areas in Central Italy – Acta Ornithol. 34: 53–58.
• Slatkin M. 1995 – A measure of population subdivision based on microsatellite allele frequencies - Genetics, 139: 457–462.
• Thompson J.N. 1998 – Rapid evolution as an ecological process – TREE, 13: 329–332.
• Wandeler P., Funk M., Largiader R., Gloor S., Breitenmoser U. 2003 – The city–fox phenomenon: genetic consequences of a recent colonization of urban habitat - Mol. Ecol. 12: 647–656.
• Westneat D.F., Sherman P. 1997 – Density and extra-pair fertilizations in birds: a comparative analysis – Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 41: 205–215.
• Wright S. 1978 – Evolution and the genetics of populations. Vol. 4., Variability within and among natural populations – University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 469 pp.