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Description of interception storage of pine (Pinus silvestris)
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The paper concerns the method of determining reservoir capacity of pine trees (Pinus silvestris) commonly occurring in Poland and Europe. Based on cumbersome and many-year measurements, experimental and field studies on plots in the Trzebuńka stream experimental catchment of the Hydrology Section of the Institute of Water Engineering and Water Management of Cracow University of Technology, a physical model is presented of the interception reservoir of an individual tree. The tree green (needle) surface and surface of stem and branches is the basis of the reservoir. Its height is determined by the depth of water layer that can be retained on the surface. However, if it can be accepted that the whole green surface retains rain water of the same average depth, then the depth of this layer on the bark surface depends on the stem or branch diameter. The older the stem or branch are the greater is the possibility of intercepting water because ofincreased roughness and fracturing of the intercepting surface. The magnitude of the green and bark surface of an arbitrary tree, as well as the depth of water intercepted by these surfaces, can be made using the relation with physical characteristics of the tree that are relatively easy to be measured: tree height, breast height diameter or both. If the green and total pine surface areas are to be calculated, the pine crown height may be added. It can be then calculated the green surface area of a tree taking into account the total surface area, not only the surface of the leaf projection onto the plane surface, FL1, (so FL2), stem surface, FB, and the bark total surface, FkC, as well as the depth of water stored on the bark surface Rk, versus the stem and branch diameter d. Water storage on the green surface was divided into wetting storage which will leave the surface by evaporation, and free water storage that gravity can force to flow down.All calculation formulas have high indices of correlation significance and enable the interception calculation to be carried out of a pine canopy consisting of trees of any age and density.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
87--101
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., wykr., tab., wz.
Bibliografia
- [1] Aas G., Riedmiller A., Drzewa, tłum. Kłosowscy A. i S., wyd. w języku polskim, MUZA S.A., Warszawa 1993.
- [2] Bruchwald A., Dendrometria, SGGW-AR, Warszawa 1986.
- [3] Halldin S., Leaf and bark area distribution in a pine forest, Proceedings of the Forest Enviromental Measurements Conference Held at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Oct. 23-28.1983, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht (Boston) Lancaster 1983.
- [4] Krečmer V., Fojt V., Intercepce smrečin chlumni oblasti, Vodogosp. Čas., 29, c.l. 1981.
- [5] Lasy i gospodarka leśna Reginalnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Krakowie, Wyd. Fundacji dla UJ, Kraków 1997.
- [6] Mała encyklopedia leśna, Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne, PWN, Warszawa 1980.
- [7] Merriam R.A., A Note on the Interception Loss Equation, Journal of Geophisical Research, Vol. 65, No 11, 1960.
- [8] Osuch B., Opad netto w drzewostanie na tle właściwości retencyjnych powierzchni roślin, Monografia 166, Politechnika Krakowska, Kraków 1994.
- [9] Osuch B., Wskaźniki pojemności zbiornika intercepcji, materiały Ogólnopolskiego Sympozjum Naukowego nt.: „Problematyka hydrologiczna i meteorologiczna małych zlewni rolniczych", Polskie Towarzystwo Geofizyczne, Wrocław 1984.
- [10] Osuch B., Tree surface as the base of tree interception reservoir, International Scientific Conference, organized by Forest Research Institute in Warsow, Politechnical University of Gdańsk, Cracow University of Technology, ed. by University of Technology, Cracow (wydane również w języku polskim) 1998.
- [11] Osuch B., An averageds depth of the water layer intercepted by plant surface as the tree stand interception reservoir volume coordinate, International Scientific Conference, organized by Forest Research Institute in Warsow, Politechnical University of Gdańsk, Cracow University of Technology, ed. by University of Technology, Cracow (wydane również w języku polskim) 1998.
- [12] Osuch B., Nahorecka-Duda H., Gądek W., Metody pomiaru intercepcji lasu, skrót referatu w materiałach seminarium ogólnopolskiego, Janowice 1980.
- [13] Poruba M. i in., Przewodnik LAS, tłum. z języka franc. Łukawski S., Multico, Warszawa 1993.
- [14] Seneta W., Drzewa i krzewy iglaste, PWN, Warszawa 1987.
- [15] Suliński J., Modelowanie bilansu wodnego w wymianie między atmosferą, drzewostanem i gruntem przy użyciu kryteriów ekologicznych, Zeszyty Naukowe AR w Krakowie, rozprawa habilitacyjna nr 179, Kraków 1993.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BGPK-1269-5275