Wpływ przepływu wody przez opóźniacze odpływu na nasyp drogowy w lesie

• Autorzy: Paluch J. , Palczyński M. , Paruch A. , Pulikowski K.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The Impact of water flow through run-off delayers on road embankment in the forest

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Automatic and human-independent work of technical units is one of many ways to prevent water excesses and water deficits from happening in the catchment area. It is possible to extend of time to discharge temporary excessive waters in this way. Consequently the minimum flows can be enlarged and flood wave culmination will be reduced to protect from drough or flood spell. Authors of this paper suggest the solution which head towards time lag needed to discharge temporary excessive waters due to storms or thawing snow from watershed zooms in the catchment areas. As a result the water waves flow down from highest catchment area do not overlap within water flow slowly from lower parts of watercourse bed. Technical solutions they are devices constructed and called by authors "run-off delayers". The researches have been doing on them since 2000 in small forest catchment areas. Run-off delayers were built and tested at the intersections of forests roads and watercourses in two Public Forests Districts - Wołów and Milicz. In order to determine the impact of shortterm water damming by run-off delayer on road embankment stability were monitored: - surface water levels below and above road embankment, - groundwater levels in piezometers below and above road as well as in determined distance from road and watercourse bed, - times of filling and empting of reservoir by various diameter of inlets of run-off delayers as well as times of water perlocation trough road embankment, - difference of time reaction to rotation of surface water levels below run-off delayer and groundwater levels in various distance from watercourse bed on both sides of the road embankment, - long-term water keeping below run-off delayer as well as observation of possible exterior sings of water perlocations trough road embankments. In the vicinity of run-off delayers there were done field measurements of rotation of surface water and groundwater levels by means of limnographs, staff gauge, hydrological whistle and sensor called "Diver". The Diver from Van Essen Instruments is small instrument for automatic measurement and registration of water levels. There was founded by ZB-UiH "Euroeksbud" Enterprise at Kalisz. The programming and readout of Diver are executed by using the readout-unit and a PC with installed EnviroMon software. The readout data had been stored in computer and were exported via EnviroMon software package, directly to, for instance, a spreadsheet program. These data were compared to results of direct measurements done by means of hydrological whistle. The road embankment was built in October 2000 and water damming on this was since June 2001. So the road embankment was put to the "water test" in relatively short time after building. On both sides of this was kept 2 m difference of water levels for almost 4 months. What is important that the top of road embankment crown was not hardened and sealed. There was not stated district increase of water levels and flows during the week (13-20 July 2001) with almost continual precipitation which total amounted 110,4 mm as well as during 11 days - full precipitation cycle (15 - 25 July 2001) when total precipitation amounted 142 mm. At that time average intencity of water i.e. 75 dm3 x s-1 fell down on the catchment area. It was fewer water than during storm in August (414 dm3 x s-1). The water layer which overflowed trough the road embankment crown increased to 10 cm. Measurements and observations which have been done until now suggested that forest catchment area 0,5 km2 is not big enough to install the run-off delayers with they original structural parameters. Height of water damming and time of her keeping will be relatively short with reference to all river basin because of the run-off delayer causing a reduction of storm waters and thawing waters only from watershed zooms and not from a large catchment areas. The shape of area determined the impact of run-off delayer on roads and adjoining agricultural and forest lands. That is why each case should be considered individually taking nature, economic, farming effects into account. The bigger inclination of the area the smaller range of backwater there will be, but the impact of keeping water on the road embankment will be more clear. Consequently it is necessary to take note of strength of the road embankment. However the same effect of quantity is possible to get on the areas with a small inclination, but the height of overflow crown must be low over terrauin level or even beneath this level.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

opady atmosferyczne; opóźniacze odpływu; zabezpieczenia powodziowe; zagrożenie powodziowe; zlewnie

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Krakowskiej im. Tadeusza Kościuszki
• Czasopismo: Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: R. 99, z. 4-Ś
• Strony: 123--132
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 8 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Paluch J.

• Instytut Kształtowania i Ochrony Środowiska, Akademia Rolnicza, Wrocław

autor

Palczyński M.

• Instytut Kształtowania i Ochrony Środowiska, Akademia Rolnicza, Wrocław

autor

Paruch A.

• Instytut Kształtowania i Ochrony Środowiska, Akademia Rolnicza, Wrocław

autor

Pulikowski K.

• Instytut Kształtowania i Ochrony Środowiska, Akademia Rolnicza, Wrocław

Bibliografia

• [1] Mielcarzewicz E. W., Melioracje miejskie i przemysłowe, Wydanie II, PWN Warszawa - Wrocław 1971.
• [2] Paluch J., Koncepcja rozwoju systemów przeciwpowodziowych w strefach wododziałowych cieków wodnych, Wiadomości Melioracyjne i Łąkarskie nr 2(377), 1998, s. 65-70.
• [3] Paluch J., Wykorzystanie małej retencji zlewni cząstkowych do ochrony wód powierzchniowych i podziemnych, Artykuł dyskusyjny, Cz. I, Gospodarka Wodna nr 5(605), s.172-176, Cz. II - GW nr 6 (606), s. 213-216, Cz. III (dokończenie) - GW nr 7(607), 1999, s. 258-262.
• [4] Paluch J. Palczyński M., Próba określenia możliwości sterowania spływem wód powodziowych, Zeszyty Nauk. AR we Wrocławiu nr 387, Konf. XXVII, Lądek Zdrój 12 - 13 październik 2000, s. 79-85.
• [5] Paluch J., Paruch A., Pulikowski K., Palczyński M, Wojtowicz J., Preliminary estimation of effective use of retention of small catchment areas for flood protection. Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities, Volume 4, Issue 2, Series Environmental Development 2001, http://www.ejpau.media.pl/series/volume4/issue2/environmet/art-04.html.
• [6] Projekt badawczy Komitetu Badań Naukowych nr 0952/5 P06 H 4718/2000/18.
• [7] Pulikowski K., Palczyński M., Paluch J., Paruch A., Skład fizyczno-chemiczny wody w małej zlewni leśnej na Dolnym Śląsku (maszynopis artykułu do Czasopisma Technicznego Inżynieria Środowiska, z. 4S/2002; Wyd. Politechniki Krakowskiej).
• [8] Wytyczne projektowania obiektów i urządzeń budownictwa specjalnego w zakresie komunikacji „Światła mostów i przepustów WP-D 12", Wydawnictwo Katalogów i Cenników, Warszawa 1973.

Uwagi

Praca wykonana w ramach projektu badawczego Nr 5 06 H 047 18 finansowanego przez KBN.