Limnigraf cyfrowy - przykład zastosowania w zlewni Traczówki (Puszcza Niepołomicka, Południowa Polska)

• Autorzy: Nycz-Wasilec P. , Weiner J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

A new digital limnigraph - field test in the Traczówka watershed (Niepołomice Forest, Southern Poland)

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Water level measurement is an important part of many investigations in natural and technical sciences. Measurements in a well defined watershed allow to record the dynamics of water flow and to estimate water run-off and its components in time. Such investigations require possibly accurate and frequent recording of the water level. Traditional limnigraphs with floats are potentially biased with two kinds of errors: incorrect measurement of the water level resulting from incorrect position of the float, and incorrect reading of a limnigram in the digitalisation process. Precise, pneumatic/pressure limnigraphs with digital data processing and logging are usually expensive and some of them must be used pairwise, because they employ absolute pressure sensors. We constructed and tested in the field the digital limnigraph with a differential pressure sensor. The limnigraph consists of four elements: 1) differential pressure sensor (MPX 5100 DP, Motorola), 2) power supply (6 V lithium battery), 3) adjusting amplifier (AD 627, Analog Devices), 4) datalogger (HOBO H08-002-02, Onset Computer Corporation) (Fig. 1). The range of the measured differential pressure was adjusted to follow the changes in the hydrostatic pressure of 0 - 80 cm water column. Thus, the resolution of the system (0,01 V) reflected the change of 0,32 cm in the water column. The limnigraph was calibrated at the laboratory. The total cost of the device did not exceed 1000 PLN (about 240 USD). The limnigraph was tested in the forest watershed of the Traczówka stream (the Niepołomice Forest, southern Poland) from 02-01-13 till 02-03-11. The device was placed in the limnigraphic well and set for measurement every 15 minutes (Fig. 2). Comparison of the water levels measured at thelevel scale with the water levels calculated from data collected by the limnigraph showed no significant differences between both methods (Tab. 1). Time course of the water level in the Traczówka stream could be explained by both snow melting and rain/snow precipitation (Fig. 3). However, water level measured at the level scale was about 20 cm during the period with extreme low temperature (16-19 January 2002). The discrepancy between the reading and limnigraph data resulted probably from water freezing in the copper measuring tube. Such bias occured probably also from 15 till 17 February 2002. The problem may be helped by adding paraffin to the measuring tube. Nevertheless, the constructed limnigraph proved to be easy in operating, accurate, energy-saving and relatively inexpensive. It can also be applied in long-term, precise water level monitoring of rivers, streams, water basins, as well as ground-waters.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

limnigrafy; pomiar stanu wody; Puszcza Niepołomicka

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Krakowskiej im. Tadeusza Kościuszki
• Czasopismo: Czasopismo Techniczne. Środowisko
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: R. 99, z. 4-Ś
• Strony: 105--111
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 6 poz., tab., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Nycz-Wasilec P.

• Instytut Nauk o Środowisku, Uniwersytet Jagielloński

autor

Weiner J.

• Instytut Nauk o Środowisku, Uniwersytet Jagielloński

Bibliografia

• [1] Bajkiewicz-Grabowska E., Magnuszewski A., Mikulski Z., Hydrometria, PWN, Warszawa 1993.
• [2] Diver - automatyczny, mikroprocesorowy przyrząd do pomiaru zmian zwierciadła wody w otworach badawczych, [w:] Urządzenia i instrumenty do pomiarów i badań. Katalog sprzętu Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment 1999, Przedsiębiorstwo Doradztwa Technicznego Geomor-Technik Sp. z o.o., Szczecin 1999.
• [3] Grodziński W., Weiner J., Maycock P. F. (eds), Forest ecosystems in industrial regions, Ecological Studies, Vol. 49, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 1984.
• [4] Pasławski Z., Metody hydrometrii rzecznej, Wydawnictwa Komunikacji i Łączności, Warszawa 1973.
• [5] Schulze E.-D. (ed.), Carbon and nitrogen cycling in European forest ecosystems, Ecological Studies, Vol. 142, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg 2000.
• [6] Suliński J., Modelowanie bilansu wodnego w wymianie między atmosferą, drzewostanem i gruntem przy użyciu kryteriów ekologicznych, Rozprawa habilitacyjna nr 179, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej, Kraków 1993.

Uwagi

Badania zostały sfinansowane przez KBN z projektu badawczego PB 0608/P04/2001/20.