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Dendrochronological methods were used to determine the frequency of debris flow/avalanche events in a forest zone. A debris flow and avalanche track located in the Eastern Sudetes Mountains (Central Europe) was analysed. The length of the youngest debris flow/avalanche track is about 750 m. Three distinct sections of the debris flow can be identified along the longitudinal section: niche, gully and tongue. The dendrochronological study shows that trees started growing on the margins of the debris flow between 1908 and 1963. Hence, debris flow and/or avalanche events occurred on this slope at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. All trees collected from the tongue started growing between 1935 and 1964. However, a large debris flow event took place several years before, most probably during an extraordinary rainfall in June 1921. Following this event, several relatively large debris flows have occurred during the growing season, the strongest dendrochronologically confirmed events occurring in 1968, 1971-1972, 1991, 1997 and probably in 1977. Spring debris flow events induced by snow melt and/or avalanches have occurred in 1994 and 2004. The results suggest that with favourable geological conditions, debris flows can occur very frequently within entirely forested slopes.
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Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
57--66
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland, piotr.owczarek@geogr.uni.wroc.pl
Bibliografia
- Abe K and Iwamoto K, 1986. An evaluation of tree-root effect on slope stability by tree-root strength. Journal Japanese Forest Society 68: 505-510.
- Bardou E and Delaloye R, 2004. Effects of ground freezing and snow avalanche deposits on debris flows in alpine environments. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4: 519-530.
- Baumann F and Kaiser KF, 1999. The Multetta Debris Fan, Eastern Swiss Alps: A 500-year Debris Flow Chronology. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research 31: 128-134.
- Butler DR, 2001. Geomorphic process-disturbance corridors: a variation on a principle of landscape ecology. Progress in Physical Geography 25: 237-238, DOI 10.1177/030913330102500204.
- Caine N, 1980. The rainfall intensity – duration control of shallow landslides and debris flows. Geographical Analysis 22A: 23-27.
- Carrara PE, 1979. The determination of snow avalanche frequency through tree-ring analysis and historical records at Ophir, Colorado. Geological Society of America Bulletin 90: 773-780.
- Casteller A, Christen M, Villalba R, Martinez H, Stöckli V, Leiva JC, Bartelt P, 2008. Validating numerical simulations avalanches using dendrochronology: the Cerro Venata event in Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8: 433-443.
- Decaulne A, Sæmundsson B and Petursson A, 2005. Debris flow triggered by rapid snowmelt: a case study in the Gleidarhjallli area, northwestern Iceland. Geographical Analysis A 87A: 487-500.
- Dunajski A, 1998. Sukcesja roślinności na lawinisku potoku błotnokamienistego w dolinie Łomniczki w Karkonoszach – stan zaawansowania procesu po trzech latach (Vegetation succession on muddy debris flow in the Łomniczka Valley in the Karkonosze Mountains – the progress after three years). Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 2090, Prace Botaniczne 77: 205-217 (in Polish).
- Fiorillo F. and Wilson RC, 2004. Rainfall induced debris flows in pyroclastic deposits, Campania (southern Italy). Engineering Geology 75: 263-289.
- Gába Z, 1992. Mury pod Keprnikiem v červenci 1991 (Debris flows in the Keprnik massif, June 1991). Severní Morava 64: 43-50 (in Czech).
- Gärtner H, Stoffel M, Lièvre I, Conus D, Grichting M and Monbaron M, 2003. Debris-flow frequency derived from tree-ring analyses and geomorphic mapping, Valais, Switzerland. Debris Flow Hazards Mitigation: Mechanics, Prediction and Assessment 1: 201-207.
- Huber B, 1943. Über die Sicherheit jahrringchronologischer Datierung. Holz als Roh – und Werkstoff 6: 263-268.
- Ishikawa Y, Kawakami S, Morimoto Ch and Mizuhara K, 2003. Suppression of Derbis movement by forests and damage to forests by debris deposition. Journal of Forest Research 8: 37-47.
- Kotarba A, 1992. High-energy geomorphic events in the polish Tatra Mountains. Geographical Analysis 74A: 121-131.
- Lancaster S and Hayes S, 2003. Effects of wood on debris flow runout in small mountain watersheds. Water Resources Research 39: 1-21.
- Lin C, Shie C, Yuan B, Shieh Y and Lee S, 2003. Impact of Chi-Chi earthquake on the occurrence of landslides and debris flows: example from the Chenyulan River watershed, Nantou, Taiwan, Engineering Geology 71: 49-61.
- Malik I, 2006. Contribution to understanding the historical evolution of meandering rivers using dendrochronological methods: example of the Mała Panew River in southern Poland. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 31: 1227-1245.
- Malik I and Owczarek P, 2007. Dendrochronological records of erosion and sedimentation In a mid-mountain stream (Jeseniki Mountains – Czech Republic). TRACE – Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology 5: 240-247.
- May ChL, 2002. Debris flow through different forest age classes in the Central Oregon Coast Range. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 38: 1097-1113.
- Perret S, Stoffel M and Kienholz H, 2006. Spatial and temporal rockfall activity in a forest stand in the Swiss Prealps – a dendrogeomorphological case study. Geomorphology 74: 219-231, DOI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.08.009.
- Polách D and Gába Z, 1998. Historie povodní na šumperském a jesenickém okrese (Historic foods in Šumperk and Jesenik districts). Severní Morava 75: 3-28 (in Czech).
- Reid ME, Nielsen HP and Dreiss SJ. 1988. Hydrologic factors triggering a shallow hillslope failure. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 25: 349-361.
- Schweingruber FH, 1996. Tree rings and environment. Berne. Paul Haupt Verlag: 609pp.
- Stoffel MI, Conus D, Grichting M, Raetzo H, Gärtner H and Monbaron M, 2005. 400 Years of Debris-Flow Activity and Triggering Weather Conditions: Ritigraben, Valais, Switzerland. Antarctic and Alpine Research 37: 387-395, DOI 10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0387:YODAAT]2.0.CO;2.
- Šafăr J, 2003. Olomoucko. Agentura ochrany přirody a krajiny ČR a EkoCentrum Brno, Praha (Olomouc Region. Agentura ochrany přirody a krajiny ČR a EkoCentrum Brno, Praha): 380pp (In Czech).
- Štekl J, Brázdil R, Kakos V, Jež J and Tolasz R, 2001. Extrémní denní srážkové úhrny na území ČR v období 1879-2000 a jejich synoptické příčiny (Extreme daily precipitation in the Czech Republic area and their synoptic causes (in the period 1879-2000)). Český hydrometeorologický ústav, Praha: 286pp (in Czech).
- Zieliński T, 2003. Catastrophic flood effects in alpine/foothill fluvial system (a case study from the Sudetes Mts, SW Poland). Geomorphology 54: 293-306, DOI 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00362-8.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BATA-0012-0007