Constructed wetlands in Finnish agricultural environments: balancing between effective water protection, multi-functionality and socio-economy

• Autorzy: Berniger K. , Koskiaho J. , Tattari S.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Małe sztuczne zbiorniki wodne w krajobrazie rolniczym Finlandii: ochrona jakości wody na tle wielozadaniowych funkcji tych zbiorników i aspektów socjalno-ekonomicznych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This case study summarizes the current knowledge in Finland on the efficiency of constructed wetlands to improve water quality at the same time providing multiple benefits. The efficiency is highly dependent on the wetland's relative size compared to the upstream catchment area, and on the amount of agricultural land in the upstream catchment. The case study analyses the incentives designed to motivate landowners to construct wetlands in Finland such as the non-productive investment support and the agri-environment payment support for wetland management. Farmers think that the support system is heavy and bureaucratic, and thus the target number of new constructed wetlands is far from being met. Individual projects have been more successful in wetland construction than the official support system. General wetland plans drafted for hotspot areas is an example of enabling factors and strict eligibility rules form one of the barriers of wetland construction identified in this case study. In spite of the criticism of the current wetland incentives, a support system for wetland construction is needed. One option would be to give regional authorities more freedom to select priority areas according to e.g. River Basin Management Plans.

PL

Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie stanu wiedzy w Finlandii na temat wielofunkcyjności niewielkich sztucznych zbiorników wodnych, w tym szczególnie poprawy jakości wody. Efektywność takich zbiorników w ochronie wód w dużym stopniu zależy od stosunku wielkości tych akwenów do obszaru zlewni bezpośredniej i wielkości powierzchni użytkowanej przez rolnictwo w tej zlewni. Badania obejmowały analizę takich czynników, jak pomoc w planowaniu i organizacji lub udzielanie wsparcia finansowego w ramach programów rolnośrodowiskowych w motywowaniu rolników do budowy niewielkich zbiorników wodnych (ang. "constructed wetlands") na cele ochrony jakości wody na terenach rolniczych. Farmerzy uważają, że system wsparcia jest zbyt zbiurokratyzowany i dlatego liczba nowych zbiorników jest dużo mniejsza od spodziewanych. Indywidualne projekty podejmowane z inicjatywy rolników są dużo efektywniejsze w stosunku do oficjalnego wsparcia. Ogólnokrajowe plany skierowane głównie na obszary "hot spots" są przykładem jednej z barier ograniczających szerokie zastosowanie małych zbiorników do ochrony jakości wody. Mimo dość krytycznej oceny, oficjalny system wsparcia jest jednak niezbędny. Szersze zastosowanie niewielkich zbiorników wodnych do ograniczenia zagrożeń wody w wyniku dopływu zanieczyszczeń z obszarów użytkowanych rolniczo wymaga zwiększenia uprawnień władz lokalnych do typowania obszarów, na których celowa jest budowa tego typu urządzeń. Zadania związane z budową zbiorników do oczyszczania wody powinny być uwzględniane w zlewniowych planach gospodarowania wodą.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

agricultural; constructed wetlands; contamination; rural areas

PL

małe zbiorniki wodne; obszary wiejskie; rolnictwo; zanieczyszczenia

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: no. 17 [VII-XII]
• Strony: 19--29
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Berniger K.

autor

Koskiaho J.

autor

Tattari S.

• MJ-Prosessit Ltd. Enviromental Expert, Luuvaniementie 10 E 53, 00350 Helsinki, Finland,

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