Vistula River Mouth - History and Recent Problems

• Autorzy: Robakiewicz M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The history of the Vistula River mouth exhibits the development of the hydrographic system of Żuławy lowlands caused by natural phenomena and human intervention. During its history, the Vistula River has changed the location of its direct connection with the Baltic Sea three times; the first (the Gdańsk Vistula) and the second (the Brave Vistula) river outlets were created by nature, while the recent one (the Vistula Cross-Cut) was man-made. Each of these locations faced similar problems, i.e. sedimentation in the river mouth leading to flooding problem in the surrounding region, intensified in winter by ice jams. The recent outlet, made as a short cut of the river reach in 1895, requires permanent maintenance as to diminish a flood risk for the surrounding areas due to sedimentation. Since the opening, its maintenance is carried out by elongation of jetties on both sides of the river mouth, and occasional dredging of sand. Presently, further elongation of jetties is proposed, however new methods to keep the river mouth should be considered.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

river mouth; sedimentation; flood risk

• Wydawca: Institute of Hydro-Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Hydro-Engineering and Environmental Mechanics
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 57, nr 2
• Strony: 155--166
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 11 poz., il.

Twórcy

autor

Robakiewicz M.

• Institute of Hydro-Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kościerska 7, 80-328 Gdańsk, Poland,

Bibliografia

• 1. Augustowski B. (1972) Seaside lowlands (Baltic coast), [in:] Geomorphology in Poland, 2, Ed. R. Galon, PWN, Warszawa (in Polish).
• 2. Augustowski B. (1982) Pomeranian Vistula, [in:] Vistula-River Monograph, Ed. A. Piskozub, WKiŁ, Warszawa (in Polish).
• 3. Bertram H. (1907) The development of dykes and drainage system in today’s area of Gdansk Dyke Association since the 14th century, Danzig (in German).
• 4. Bertram H., La Baume W., Kloeppel D. (1924) The Vistula – Nogat – Delta, Danzig (in German).
• 5. Bindermann H. (1903) The diversion of the Vistula Nogat, Danzig (in German).
• 6. Franz M., Kozakiewicz A., Naguszewski A., Piwowarska M., Ostrowski R., Skaja M., Szmytkiewicz M. (2005) Evolution of Vistula Cross-Cut in view of historical bathymetry data, Inzynieria Morska i Geotechnika, 26 (5), 383–391 (in Polish).
• 7. Gasiorowski D., Kapinski J., Kolerski T., Ostrowski R., Robakiewicz M., Skaja M., Szmytkiewicz M. (2005) Modernisation of the Vistula river outlet – optimisation of the jetties by modelling approach, Coastal Engineering 2004, Proceedings of the 29th International Conference, Ed. Jane McKee Smith, New Jersey, London, Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company, 3, 3303–3315.
• 8. Makowski J. (1993) Embankments on the Lower Vistula, historical shaping, present state and behavior during substantial freshets, IBW PAN, Gdansk (in Polish).
• 9. Makowski J. (1995) The hundredth anniversary of the creating the Vistula cross-cut 1895–1995, IBW PAN, Gdansk (in Polish).
• 10. Majewski W., Jasinska E., Kapinski J., Ostrowski R., Robakiewicz M., Szmytkiewicz M., Walter A., Gasiorowski D., Kolerski T., Skaja M., Dziegielewski A., Pefumowicz T., Piotrowska D., Massalski W., Mioduszewski K. (2003) Expertise on an improvement of the flow capacity of the Vistula River mouth together with construction-execution project of coastal development, IBWPAN Internal Report, Gdansk (in Polish).
• 11. Ostrowski R., Kapinski J., Piotrowska D., Pruszak Z., Robakiewicz M., Rózynski G., Schönhofer J., Skaja M., Szmytkiewicz M., Szmytkiewicz P. (2009) Modelling of the Vistula River outlet to the Gulf of Gdansk, IBW PAN Internal Report, Gdansk (in Polish).