Pomiar częstości optycznych - szansa dla zegarów optycznych i nie tylko

• Autorzy: Hall J. L.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Defining and measuring optical frequencies: the optical clock opportunity - and more

• Języki publikacji: PL

Słowa kluczowe

PL

wykład noblowski 2005; pomiar częstości optycznych; metoda grzebieniowa; zegar optyczny; skalowanie dokładności; wzorzec metrologiczny

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Fizyczne
• Czasopismo: Postępy Fizyki
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: T. 58, z. 5
• Strony: 207--224
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 59 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Hall J. L.

• JILA, NIST oraz University of Colorado, Boulder, USA

Bibliografia

• [1] www.bipm.org/en/si/si constants.html (BIPM).
• [2] www.mel.nist.gov/div821/museum/timeline.htm (NIST).
• [3] J.L. Flowers, B.W. Petley, “Progress in our knowledge of the fundamental constants of physics”, Rep. Prog. Phys. 64, 1191 (2001).
• [4] R. Steiner, E.R. Williams, D.B. Newell, R. Liu, “Towards an electronic kilogram: an improved measurement of the Planck constant and electron mass”, Metrologia 42, 431 (2005).
• [5] C.J. Bordé, “Base units of the SI, fundamental constants and modern quantum physics”, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A 363, 2177 (2005).
• [6] D. Sobel, Longitude, the True Story of a Lone Genius Who Solved the Greatest Scientific Problem of His Time (Penguin Books, New York 1995).
• [7] M.A. Kasevich, E. Riis, S. Chu, R.G. DeVoe, “rf Spectroscopy in an Atomic Fountain”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 612 (1989).
• [8] A. Clairon, P. Laurent, G. Santarelli, S. Ghezali, S.N. Lea, M. Bahoura, “A Cesium Fountain Frequency Standard – Preliminary Results”, IEEE T. Instrum. Meas. 44, 128 (1995).
• [9] T.P. Heavner, S.R. Jefferts, E.A. Donley, J.H. Shirley, T.E. Parker, “NIST-F1: recent improvements and accuracy evaluations”, Metrologia 42, 411 (2005).
• [10] K. Gibble, S. Chu, “Laser-Cooled Cs Frequency Standard and a Measurement of the Frequency-Shift due to Ultracold Collisions”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1771 (1993).
• [11] E.S. Polzik, J. Carri, H.J. Kimble, “Atomic spectroscopy with squeezed light for sensitivity beyond the vacuum-state limit”, Appl. Phys. B 55, 279 (1992).
• [12] R.W.P. Drever, J.L. Hall, F.V. Kowalski, J. Hough, G.M. Ford, A.J. Munley, H. Ward, “Laser phase and frequency stabilization using an optical resonator”, Appl. Phys. B 31, 97 (1983).
• [13] B.C. Young, F.C. Cruz, W.M. Itano, J.C. Bergquist, “Visible Lasers with Subhertz Linewidths”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3799 (1999).
• [14] B.C. Young, R.J. Rafac, J.A. Beall, F.C. Cruz, W.M. Itano, D.J. Wineland, J.C. Bergquist, “Hg+ Optical Frequency Standard: Recent Progress”, w: Laser Spectroscopy, Proc. XVII Int. Conf., red. E.A. Hinds i in. (World Scientific, Singapore 2005), s. 433.
• [15] M. Notcutt, L.-S. Ma, J. Ye, J.L. Hall, “Simple and compact 1-Hz laser system via an improved mounting configuration of a reference cavity”, Opt. Lett. 30, 1815 (2005).
• [16] J.L. Hall, “The laser absolute wavelength standard problem”, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics 4, 638 (1968).
• [17] R.L. Barger, J.L. Hall, “Pressure Shift and Broadening of Methane Line at 3.39 μ Studied by Laser-Saturated Molecular Absorption”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 22, 4 (1969).
• [18] J.L. Hall, “Optical frequency measurement: 40 years of technology revolutions”, IEEE J. Selected Topics Quantum Electronics 6, 1136 (2000).
• [19] V.S. Letokhov, V.P. Chebotayev, Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy (Springer, Berlin 1977); przekład polski: Nieliniowa spektroskopia laserowa (PWN, Warszawa 1982).
• [20] S. Stenholm, Foundations of Laser Spectroscopy (Wiley, New York 1984).
• [21] M.D. Levenson, S.S. Kano, Introduction to Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopy (Academic Press, San Diego 1988).
• [22] S.N. Bagaev, L.S. Vasilenko, A.K. Dmitriev, M.N. Skvortsov, V.P. Chebotaev, “Narrowing of Nonlinear Resonances in Low Pressure Gases”, JETP Letters 23, 360 (1976) [Pis’ma w ZETF 23, 399 (1976)].
• [23] C.J. Bordé, J.L. Hall, C.V. Kunasz, D.G. Hummer, “Saturated absorption line shape: Calculation of the transit-time broadening by a perturbation approach”, Phys. Rev. A 14, 236 (1976).
• [24] H.L. Bethlem, G. Berden, G. Meijer, “Decelerating Neutral Dipolar Molecules”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1558 (1999).
• [25] E.R. Hudson, H.J. Lewandowski, B.C. Sawyer, J. Ye, “Cold Molecule Spectroscopy for Constraining the Evolution of the Fine Structure Constant”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 143004 (2006).
• [26] L.-S. Ma, J. Ye, P. Dubé, J.L. Hall, “Ultrasensitive frequency-modulation spectroscopy enhanced by a high-finesse optical cavity: theory and application to overtone transitions of C2H2 and C2HD”, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 2255 (1999).
• [27] M. Ziskind, C. Daussy, T. Marrel, Ch. Chardonnet, “Improved sensitivity in the search for a parity-violating energy difference in the vibrational spectrum of the enantiomers of CHFCIBr”, Eur. Phys. J. D 20, 219 (2002).
• [28] S. Svanberg, Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, wyd. 2 (Springer Verlag, Berlin 1992).
• [29] J.L. Hall, C.J. Bordé, K. Uehara, “Direct Optical Resolution of Recoil Effect Using Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 1339 (1976).
• [30] S.N. Bagayev, V.P. Chebotayev, A.K. Dmitriyev, A.E. Om, Yu.V. Nekrasov, B.N. Skvortsov, “Second-order Doppler-free spectroscopy”, Appl. Phys. B 52, 63 (1991).
• [31] M. Kourogi, T. Enami, M. Ohtsu, “A coupled-cavity monolithic optical frequency comb generator”, IEEE Photonics Tech. Lett. 8, 1698 (1996).
• [32] J.L. Hall, L.-S. Ma, M. Taubman, B. Tiemann, F.-L. Hong, O. Pfister, J. Ye, “Stabilization and frequency measurement of the I2-stabilized Nd:YAG laser”, IEEE T. Instrum. Meas. 48, 583 (1999).
• [33] S.A. Diddams, L.-S. Ma, J. Ye, J.L. Hall, “Broadband optical frequency comb generation with a phase-modulated parametric oscillator”, Opt. Lett. 24, 1747 (1999).
• [34] J.L. Hall, J. Ye, S.A. Diddams, L.-S. Ma, S.T. Cundiff, D.J. Jones, “Ultrasensitive spectroscopy, the ultrastable lasers, the ultrafast lasers, and the seriously nonlinear fiber: a new alliance for physics and metrology”, IEEE J. Quantum Electronics 37, 1482 (2001).
• [35] F. Salin, J. Squier, M. Piche, “Mode locking of Ti:Al2O3 lasers and self-focusing: a Gaussian approximation”, Opt. Lett. 16, 1674 (1991).
• [36] K.W. Holman, R.J. Jones, A. Marian, S.T. Cundiff, J. Ye, “Detailed studies and control of intensity-related dynamics of femtosecond frequency combs from modelocked Ti:Sapphire lasers”, IEEE J. Selected Topics Quantum Elect. 9, 1018 (2003).
• [37] J.N. Eckstein, A.I. Ferguson, T.W. Hänsch, “High-Resolution Two-Photon Spectroscopy with Picosecond Light Pulses”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 847 (1978).
• [38] K.M. Evenson, J.S. Wells, F.R. Petersen, B.L. Danielson, G.W. Day, R.L. Barger, J.L. Hall, “Speed of Light from Direct Frequency and Wavelength Measurements of the Methane-Stabilized Laser”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 29, 1346 (1972).
• [39] A. Sanchez, C.F. Davis, Jr., K.C. Liu, A. Javan, “The MOM tunneling diode – Theoretical estimate of its performance at microwave and infrared frequencies”, J. Appl. Phys. 49, 5270 (1978).
• [40] D.A. Jennings, C.R. Pollock, F.R. Petersen, R.E. Drullinger, K.M. Evenson, J.S. Wells, J.L. Hall, H.P. Layer, “Direct frequency measurement of the I2-Stabilized He-Ne 473-THz (633-nm) Laser”, Opt. Lett. 8, 136 (1983).
• [41] H.R. Telle, D. Meschede, T.W. Hänsch, “Realization of a new concept for visible frequency division – phase locking of harmonic and sum frequencies”, Opt. Lett. 15, 532 (1990).
• [42] B.G. Whitford, “Measurement of the Absolute Frequencies of CO2-Laser Transitions by Multiplication of CO2-Laser Difference Frequencies”, IEEE T. Instrum. Meas. 29, 168 (1980).
• [43] S.A. Diddams, D.J. Jones, L.-S. Ma, S.T. Cundiff, J.L. Hall, “Optical frequency measurement across a 104-THz gap with a femtosecond laser frequency comb”, Opt. Lett. 25,186 (2000).
• [44] J.K. Ranka, A. Stentz, “Visible continuum generation in air-silica microstructure optical fibers with anomalous dispersion at 800 nm”, Opt. Lett. 25, 25 (2000).
• [45] J.C. Knight, T.A. Birks, P.S. Russell, D.M. Atkin, “All-silica single-mode optical fiber with photonic crystal cladding”, Opt. Lett. 21, 1547 (1996).
• [46] R.S. Windeler, informacja przekazana autorowi (maj 2006 r.).
• [47] J. Reichert, M. Niering, R. Holzwarth, M. Weitz, Th. Udem, T.W. Hänsch, “Phase Coherent Vacuum-Ultraviolet to Radio Frequency Comparison with a Mode-Locked Laser”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3232 (2000).
• [48] D.J. Jones, S.A. Diddams, J.K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R.S. Windeler, J.L. Hall, S.T. Cundiff, “Carrier-Envelope Phase Control of Femtosecond Mode-Locked Lasers and Direct Optical Frequency Synthesis”, Science 288, 635 (2000).
• [49] S.A. Diddams, D.J. Jones, J. Ye, T. Cundiff, J.L. Hall, J.K. Ranka, R.S. Windeler, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, T.W. Hänsch, “Direct Link between Microwave and Optical Frequencies with a 300 THz Femtosecond Laser Comb”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5102 (2000).
• [50] L.-S. Ma, Z. Bi, A. Bartels, L. Robertsson, M. Zucco, R.S. Windeler, G. Wilpers, C. Oates, L. Hollberg, S.A. Diddams, “Optical Frequency Synthesis and Comparison with Uncertainty at the 10-19 Level”, Science 303, 1843 (2004).
• [51] Th. Udem, R. Holzwarth, T.W. Hänsch, “Optical frequency metrology”, Nature 416, 233 (2002).
• [52] F.L. Hong, J. Ishikawa, K. Sugiyama, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, J. Ye, J.L. Hall, “Comparison of independent optical frequency measurements using a portable iodine-stabilized Nd:YAG laser”, IEEE T. Instrum. Meas. 52, 240 (2003).
• [53] J. Ye, L.-S. Ma, J.L. Hall, “Molecular Iodine Clock”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 270801 (2001).
• [54] W.-Y. Cheng, L.S. Chen, T.H. Yoon, J.L. Hall, J. Ye, “Sub-Doppler molecular iodine transitions near the dissociation limit (523–498 nm)”, Opt. Lett. 27, 571 (2002).
• [55] R.K. Shelton, S.M. Foreman, L.-S. Ma, J.L. Hall, H.C. Kapteyn, M.M. Murnane, M. Notcutt, J. Ye, “Subfemtosecond timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked lasers”, Opt. Lett. 27, 312 (2002).
• [56] R.K. Shelton, L.-S. Ma, H.C. Kapteyn, M.M. Murnane, J.L. Hall, J. Ye, “Phase-Coherent Optical Pulse Synthesis from Separate Femtosecond Lasers”, Science 293, 1286 (2001).
• [57] T.M. Fortier, D.J. Jones, J. Ye, S.T. Cundiff, “Highly phase stable mode-locked lasers”, IEEE J. Selected Topics Quantum Elec. 9, 1002 (2003).
• [58] R.J. Jones, J. Ye, “High-repetition-rate coherent femtosecond pulse amplification with an external passive optical cavity”, Opt. Lett. 29, 2812 (2004).
• [59] M. Fischer, N. Kolachevsky, M. Zimmermann, R. Holzwarth, Th. Udem, T.W. Hänsch, M. Abgrall, J. Grünert, I. Maksimovic, S. Bize, H. Marion, F. Pereira Dos Santos, P. Lemonde, G. Santarelli, P. Laurent, A. Clairon, C. Salomon, M. Haas, U.D. Jentschura, C.H. Keitel, „New Limits on the Drift of Fundamental Constants from Laboratory Measurements”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230802 (2004).