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Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with electron-capture detection have been investigated for analysis of per-sistent chlorinated aromatic compounds in the aquatic environment. A ran-ge of polychlorinated veratroles, guaiacols, and catechols produced during pulp bleaching and during PCB degradation were derivatized with penta-fluorobenzyl bromide to improve their chromatographic properties. The reaction was conducted in the presence of triethylamine as neutralization reagent and the derivatized standards obtained were used to estimate the linear range, detection limits, and precision of the method. The conditions used for the derivatization reaction and for chromatographic analysis were optimized. Detector response for the derivatized guaiacols was a linear fun-ction of concentration in the range 0.5–100 ng mL-1; for chloroguaiacols and underivatized chloroveratroles the range was 0.5 to 80 ng mL-1. De-tection limits ranged from 0.18 ng mL-1 for tetrachlorocatechol (TeCC) to 2.72 ng mL-1 for 4-chloroguaiacol (4-CG). GC–MS was used for final con-firmation of the identity of the compounds analyzed.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
38--47
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 17 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
- Faculty of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] A.S. Allard, P.A. Hynning., M. Remberger, and A.H. Neilson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 777 (1994)
- [2] A.S. Allard, P.A. Hynning, M. Remberger, A.H. Neilson, and L. Lander, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 774 (1983)
- [3] R. Cespes, A. Maturana, U. Bumann, M. Bronfman, and B. Gonzalez, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 46, 631 (1996)
- [4] M. Remberger, P.A Hynning, and A.H. Neilson, Environ. Sci Technol, 27, 158 (1993)
- [5] M. Remberger, A.S. Allard, and A.H. Neilson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 552 (1986)
- [6] N. Schwiegert, S. Belkin, P. Leong-Morgenthaler, A.J.B. Zehnder, and R.I.L. Eggen, Environ. Mutagen., 33, 202 (1999)
- [7] A.S. Allard, P.A. Hynning, C. Lindgren, M. Remberger, and A.H. Neilson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 77 (1991)
- [8] A.S. Allard, P.A. Hynning, C. Lindgren, M. Remberger, and A.H. Neilson, Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 2511 (1987)
- [9] T.J. Smith, R.H. Wearne, and A.F.A. Wallis, Chemosphere, 27, 1555 (1994)
- [10] L.P. Palekar, K.A. Maruaya, J.E. Kostka, and J. Wiegel, Chemosphere, 53, 593 (2003)
- [11] L. Hovander, T. Malmberg, M. Athanasiadou, I. Athanassiadis, S. Rahm, E. Bergman, and E. Klasson Wehler, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 42, 105 (2002)
- [12] A.H. Neilson, A.S. Allard, S. Fischer, M. Malmberg, and T. Viktor, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 20, 82 (1990)
- [13] K. Hosoya, N. Hira, Y. Watabe, N. Tanaka, T. Kubo, and K. Kaya, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 380, 343 (2004)
- [14] N. Kimura and Y. Urushigawa, J. Biosci. Bioeng., 92, 138 (2001)
- [15] L.E. Sojo and J. Djauhari, J. Chromatogr. A, 840, 21 (2001)
- [16] S. Kumar and C. Sharma, J. Environ. Monit., 1, 569 (1999)
- [17] L. Hovander, M. Athanasiadou, E. Asplund, S. Jensen, and E. Klasson Wehler, J. Anal. Toxicol., 24, 696 (2000)
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAT3-0037-0008