Stratygrafia osadów czwartorzędowych wschodniej części Pasma Smoleńsko-Niegowonickiego (Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska)

• Autorzy: Mirosław-Grabowska J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Quaternary stratigraphy in the eastern part of Smoleń-Niegowonice Range (Kraków-Częstochowa Upland)]

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Pasmo Smoleńsko-Niegowonickie składa się z szeregu wzgórz wapiennych, częściowo przykrytych osadami czwartorzędowymi. Na podstawie szczegółowego kartowania geologicznego oraz wyników analiz granulometrycznych i mineralogicznych, wydzielono i opisano sześć typów osadów czwartorzędowych: gliny zwietrzelinowe, piaski fluwioglacjalne, piaski eoliczne, lessy, osady jeziorne, osady rzeczne. Ponadto opracowano genezę i stratygrafię osadów wypełniających, znajdującą się w centralnej części badanego terenu, jaskinię Biśnik, która jest stanowiskiem paleolitycznym. W jaskini wyróżniono trzy serie osadów akumulowane w czasie zlodowaceń południowopolskich, zlodowaceń środkowopolskich, zlodowacenia Wisły, a także w holocenie. Wydzielone typy genetyczne osadów czwartorzędowych skorelowano z osadami jaskiniowymi. Uzyskane wyniki badań i przeprowadzona korelacja posłużyły do rekonstrukcji morfogenezy tego terenu.

EN

The Smoleń-Niegowonice Range is a chain of limestone hills party covered with Quaternary deposits. On the basis of detailed geological fieldwork, study of the Biśnik cave filling and numerous grain-size and heavy mineral analyses, the stratigraphy of the Quaternary sediments and relief evolution were elaborated. The relief comprises forms of erosional-denudational origin e.g: inselbergs, valleys, gorges (Fig. 2) controlled by tectonic structure and limestone lithology of the bedrock, and purely accumulation forms such as weathering covers, glacifluvial covers, alluvial surfaces, loess covers and dunes. The Quaternary deposits consist of weathering loams, glacifluvial sands, lacustrine sands and silts, loess, dune sands, fluvial sands and silts (Figs. 3 & 4). The origin and stratigraphy of sediments filling the Biśnik cave - an important palaeolithic site were investigated (Mirosław-Grabowska, 1995; Mirosław-Grabowska et al., 1995; Cyrek, 1994). The 5 m thick section of the cave sediments consists of three main series composed of 18 layers identifiable on the basis of geological, archaeological and palaeontological data (Fig. 5). Below the basal series, autochthonous residual clays of terra rossa-type (layer 18) occur. They originated in the Tertiary, probably in the Pliocene. Series I is composed mainly of loams with limestone rubble. Layers 17-14 accumulated during the South and Middle Polish Glaciations. Layers 13-12 are correlated with the Eemian Interglacial. Layers 11-8 accumulated during the Vistulian Glaciation. The overlying series II consist of three layers (7-5) of fluvial sands. Fluvial accumulation in the cave is the result of its low morphological position in the slope of adjacent valley. Series III comprises loess and eolian sands (layers 4-2) accumulated during the Upper Plenivistulian. The uppermost part of the section consist of Holocene humus (layers 1a, 1b). The distinguished genetic types of the Quaternary deposits were correlated with the cave sediments (Fig. 4). The correlation helps to establish the stratigraphy of the Quaternary deposits in the studied area. During the Tertiary this area was exposed to intense chemical weathering and, then, to denu- dational and erosional processes. The limestone inselbergs, valleys and gorges were formed. Weathering loams and residual clays were accumulated at that time (Różycki, 1972). During the South Polish Glaciation, only layers 17-16 in the cave were probably deposited. During the Middle Polish Glaciation the glacifluvial sands were accumulated (Bednarek et al., 1978; Szczypek, 1984) and layers 15-14 in the cave. The Eemian Interglacial is represented only by two loam layers in the cave with strongly weathered limestone debris. During the Vistulian Glaciation this area was exposed to fluvial and eolian processes (Szczypek, 1984). The lacustrine silts, loess covers and dunes were formed (Bednarek et al., 1978). During the Holocene, the alluvial flood-plains and small dunes (Dulias, 1997) were formed and soil processes developed. At present, denudational and erosional processes mainly in the loess covers are observed.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

stratygrafia; osady czwartorzędowe; Wyżyna Krakowsko-Częstochowska; morfogeneza

EN

stratigraphy; quaternary stratigraphy; Kraków-Częstochowa Upland

• Wydawca: Instytut Nauk Geologicznych PAN
• Czasopismo: Studia Geologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: Vol. 113
• Strony: 105--119

Twórcy

autor

Mirosław-Grabowska J.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland,