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Abstrakty
This study is concerned with the amplitude modulation (AM) detection thresholds for monaural and binaural listening. In the first experiment, using a Two-Alternative Forced-Choice (2AFC) method with an adaptive procedure 2-up 1-down, the monaural and binaural AM detection thresholds were measured. Sinusoidal carrier at a frequency of 160, 500, 1000 or 4000 Hz was amplitude-modulated by a single sinusoidal modulator at a frequency of 4, 32, 64 or 128 Hz. Due to a significant intersubject scatter of the results it was impossible to estimate the difference between the thresholds determined for monaural and binaural presentation of the stimuli. Therefore, in the next experiment, psychometric functions for AM detection for both monaural and binaural listening were determined. This experiment was carried out for sinusoidal carriers at frequencies of 5000, 2000 and 6000 Hz and for sinusoidal modulator at frequencies of 4, 64 and 128 Hz. The results of this experiment showed a statistically significant difference between slopes of the psychometric function (after the percent of correct responses was converted to the detectability, d', domain) for monaural and binaural stimuli presentation. Assuming that the AM threshold coincided with d' = 1 it can be stated that monaural and binaural AM thresholds are significantly different.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
537--553
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Acoustics, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
autor
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Institute of Acoustics, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] MOORE B. C. J., SĘK A., Detection of combined frequency and amplitude modulation, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92, 3119–3131 (1992).
- [2] MOORE B. C. J., SĘK A., Discrimination of modulation type (AM or FM) with and without background noise, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 96, 726–732 (1994).
- [3] SĘK A., MOORE B. C. J., Detection of mixed modulation using correlated and uncorrelated noise modulators, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 3511–3518 (1994).
- [4] VERHEY J. L., EWERT S., DAU T., Modulationsverarbeitung im Gehör: Autokorrelation versus Filterbank, In forschritte der Akustik- DAGA, 2000, editor. Sill., p. 296–297, DEGAeV, Oldenburg.
- [5] RYBICKA W., SĘK A., Detection of the amplitude modulation for modulating signals characterized by different crest factors, Archives of Acoustics, 28, 4, 203–222 (2003).
- [6] SĘK A., SUZUKI Y., RYBICKA W., Amplitude modulation thresholds for modulators with different crest factor [in:] The 2003 Spring Meeting of the Acoustical Society of Japan, Tokyo, Waseda University, Japan, 2003.
- [7] SĘK A., Measurements and modelling the modulation gap detection, [in:] Structures-Waves-Human Health, Biomedical Engineering, Kraków-Zakopane, Poland 2003.
- [8] SĘK A., MOORE B. C. J., Testing the concept of a modulation filter bank: The audibility of component modulation and detection of phase change in three-component modulators, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 113, 5, 2803–2811 (2003).
- [9] MOORE B. C. J., An introduction to the psychology of hearing, 5th Ed., Academic Press, London 2003.
- [10] DAU T., PÜSCHEL D., A quantitative model of the effective signal processing in the auditory system, [in:] Contributions to Psychological Acoustics, A. Schick [Ed.], Bibliotheks- und Informationssystem der Universität Oldenburg: Oldenburg, 107–120, 1993.
- [11] VIEMEISTER N. F., Temporal modulation transfer functions based on modulation thresholds, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 66, 1364–1380 (1979).
- [12] PLACK C. J., MOORE B. C. J., Temporal window shape as a function of frequency and level, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87, 2178–2187 (1990).
- [13] DAU T., Modeling auditory processing of amplitude modulation, University of Oldenburg, 1996.
- [14] DAU T., KOLLMEIER B., KOHLRAUSCH A., Modeling modulation perception: modulation lowpass filter or modulation filter bank?, [in:] Psychoacoustics, Speech and Hearing Aids, Kollmeier B. [Ed.], World Scientific: Singapore 1996.
- [15] KEYS J. W., Binaural versus monaural hearing, Journal of Acoustical Society of America, 19, 629–631 (1947).
- [16] SHAW W. A., NEWMAN E. B., HIRSH I. J., The difference between monaural and binaural thresholds, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 229–242 (1947).
- [17] JESTEADT W., WIER C. C., GREEN D. M., Comparison of monaural and binaural discrimination of intensity and frequency, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 61, 1599–1603 (1977).
- [18] POLLACK I., Monaural and binaural threshold sensitivity for tones and for white noise, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 20, 52–57 (1948).
- [19] HELLMAN R. P., ZWISLOCKI J. J., Monaural loudness summation at 1000 cps and interaural summation, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 35, 856–865 (1963).
- [20] SCHARF B., FISHKEN D., Binaural summation of loudness reconsidered, Journal of Experimental Psychology, 86, 374–379 (1970).
- [21] LEVITT H., Transformed up-down methods in psychoacoustics, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 49, 467–477 (1971).
- [22] HARTMANN W. M., HNATH G. M., Detection of mixed modulation, Acustica, 50, 297–312 (1982).
- [23] SĘK A., Modulation thresholds and critical modulation frequency based on random amplitude and frequency changes, Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan (E), 15, 67–75 (1994).
- [24] SĘK A., MOORE B. C. J., Detection of auditory “events” based on amplitude and frequency modulation, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 2332–2340 (1996).
- [25] SĘK A., MOORE B. C. J., Detection of quasitrapezoidal frequency and amplitude modulation, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 107, 1598–1604 (2000).
- [26] MOORE B. C. J., SĘK A., Detection of combined frequency and amplitude modulation, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 92, 3119–3131 (1992).
- [27] SĘK A., MOORE B. C. J., Discrimination of frequency steps linked by glides of various durations, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 106, 351–360 (1999).
- [28] SĘK A. P., SKRODZKA E. B., An influence of a modulating signal starting phase on the modulation detection, Archives of Acoustics, 24, 1, 39–47 (1999).
- [29] ZWICKER E., Die Grenzen der Hörbarkeit der Amplitudenmodulation und der Frequenzmodulation eines Tones, Acustica, 2, 125–133 (1952).
- [30] SĘK A., MOORE B. C. J., The critical modulation frequency and its relationship to auditory filtering at low frequencies, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 95, 2606–2615 (1994).
- [31] DAU T., PÜSCHEL D., KOHLRAUSCH A., A quantitative model of the “effective” signal processing in the auditory system. I. Model structure, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 99, 3615–3622 (1996).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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