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Tytuł artykułu

Binaural perception of amplitude and frequency modulated signals

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The investigations focused on the binaural perception of amplitude modulated (AM) and frequency modulated (FM) signals. They are comprised of two experiments. In the first experiment binaurally perceived (matched) modulation depth for AM signals was determined under diotic conditions (i.e. for the same values of modulation depth coefficient, m, presented to the left (ml) and right (mr) ears) and under dichotic conditions (i.e. for different values of these coefficients ml [różne od] mr). The measurements were made for the interaural differences in modulation depth coefficient [delta]m, changing from 0 to 100% and a few selected modulating frequencies (4, 64 and 128 Hz) and carrier frequencies (250 and 1000 Hz). In the second experiment binaurally perceived (matched) frequency deviation of FM signals was determined under diotic conditions (i.e. for the same values of frequency deviation, [delta]f, presented to the left (delta f_l) and right (delta fr) ear (delta fl =delta fr) and under dichotic conditions (i.e. for different values of this deviation (delta fl delta delta fr)). The measurements were made for the interaural differences of frequency deviation changing from 0 to 20 Hz; a few selected modulating frequencies (32, 64 and 128 Hz) and carrier frequencies (500 and 1000 Hz). It was found in Experiment I that for small interaural differences in modulation depth, delta m, the binaurally perceived modulation depth, m, is equal to the arithmetic mean of the depths presented to the left and right ears, whereas for large values of delta m, the value of m is smaller than the mean. The results of Experiment II revealed that the binaurally perceived frequency deviation is a linear function of interaural differences of this deviation and is equal to the arithmetic mean of deviations presented to the left and right ears.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
131--145
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 31 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Institute of Acoustics, Adam Mickiewicz University
autor
  • Institute of Acoustics, Adam Mickiewicz University
Bibliografia
  • [1] L.R. Bernstein and C. Trahiotis, Lateralization of low-frequency, complex waveforms: The use of the envelope-based temporal disparities, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 1868-1880 (1985a).
  • [2] L.R. Bernstein and C. Trahiotis, Lateralization of sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones: Effects of spectral locus and temporal variation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 78, 514-523 (1985b).
  • [3] J. Blauert, Spatial hearing, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 1983.
  • [4] J.J. Groen, Super- and subliminal binaural beats, Acta Otolaryngol., 57, 224-231 (1964).
  • [5] X. Gu, B.A. Wright and D.M. Green, Failure to near binaural beats below threshold, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 97, 701-703 (1995).
  • [6] L.M. Heller and C. Trahiotis, Extents of laterality and binaural interference effects, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 99, 3632-3637 (1996).
  • [7] R.P. Hellman and J.J. Zwislocki, Monoural loudness function at 1000 cps, and interaural summation, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 35, 856-865 (1963).
  • [8] G.B. Henning, Some observations on the lateralization of complex waveforms, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 68, 446-454 (1980).
  • [9] G.B. Henning and J. Ashton, The effect of carrier and modulation frequency on lateralization based on interauralphase and interaural group delay, Hear. Res., 4, 185-194 (1981).
  • [10] T. Houtgast and H.J. Steeneken, Review of the MTF concept in room acoustics and its use for estimating speech intelligibility in auditoria, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 77, 1061-1077 (1985).
  • [11] W. Jesteadt and C.C. Wier, Comparison of monaural and binaural discrimination of intensity and frequency, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 61, 1599-1603 (1977).
  • [12] J. Keys, Binaural versus monaural hearing, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 19, 629-631 (1947).
  • [13] J.C.R. Licklider, J.C. Webster and J.M. Hedlun, On the frequency limits of binaural beats, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 22, 468-473 (1950).
  • [14] L.E. Marks, Binaural summation of the loudness of pure tones, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 65, 107-113 (1978).
  • [15] D.M. McFadden and E. Pasanen, Lateralization at high frequencies based on interaural time differences, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 59, 634-639 (1976).
  • [16] L. Mendoza, J.W. Hall and J. Grose, Within- and across-channel processes in modulation interference, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 97, 3072-3079 (1995).
  • [17] J.M. Nuetzel and E.R. Hafter, Lateralization of complex waveforms: effects of fine structure, amplitude, and duration, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 60, 1339-1346 (1976).
  • [18] J.M. Nuetzel and E.R. Hafter, Lateralization of complex waveforms: Spectral effects, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 69, 1112-1118 (1981).
  • [19] E. Ozimek, J. Konieczny and T. Sone, Dichotic perception of modulation depth of AM signals, Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Japan, Honolulu, Hawaii 2-6 December, pp. 629-634 (1996).
  • [20] E. Ozimek and A. Sęk, AM and FM difference limens and their reference to amplitude-frequency changes of a sound in a room, Acta Acustica, 82, 114-122 (1996).
  • [21] D.R. Perrott and M.A. Nelson, Limits for the detection of binaural beats, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 46, 1477-1481 (1969).
  • [22] D.R. Perrott and A.D. Musicant, Rotating tones and binaural beats, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 61, 1288-1292 (1977).
  • [23] I. Pollack, Monaural and binaural threshold sensitivity for tones and for white noise, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 20, 52-57 (1947).
  • [24] G.S. Reynolds and S.S. Stevens, Binaural summation of loudness, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 32, 1337-1344 (1960).
  • [25] R.C. Rowland and J.V. Tobias, Interaural intensity difference limens, J. Speech Hearing Res., 10, 745-756 (1967).
  • [26] B. Scharf and D. Fishken, Binaural summation of loudness: Reconsidered, J. Exp. Psycho., 37, 229-242 (1970).
  • [27] W.A. Shaw, E.B. Newman and I.J. Hirsh, The difference between monaural and binaural thresh-olds, J. Exp. Psycho., 37, 229-242 (1947).
  • [28] M.R. Stern and C. Trahiotis, Models of binaural interaction, [in:] Hearing, Brian C.J. Moore [Ed.], Academic Press, 347-385 (1995).
  • [29] N. Suga, Philosophy and stimulus design for neuroethology of complex-sound processing, [in:] Processing of Complex Sounds by the Auditory System, R.P. Carlyon, C.J. Darwin and I.J. Russell [Eds.], Clarendon Press Oxford, pp. 105-108 (1992).
  • [30] J.V. Tobias, Application of a “relative” procedure to a problem in binaural-beat perception, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 35, 1442-1447 (1963).
  • [31] A. Wicher and E. Ozimek, Binaural perception of FM signals [in Polish], Materiały OSA’98 Poznań – Kiekrz, 657-662 (1998).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAT3-0006-0014
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