Energetic Nitrogen-Rich Polymers Based on Cellulose

• Autorzy: Betzler F. M. , Klapötke T. M. , Sproll S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

New nitrogen-rich polymers, based on cellulose, were synthesized using common procedures. The point of interest was the introduction of tetrazole and nitramine moieties. The polymers were characterized by elemental analysis and vibrational spectroscopy (IR). The energetic properties were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and bomb calorimetric measurements. Several detonation parameters, such as the detonation pressure, velocity, energy and temperature were computed using the EXPLO5 code. In addition, the sensitivities towards impact and friction were tested using the BAM drophammer as well as a friction tester.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

energetic polymer; nitrogen rich polymer; cellulose; tetrazole; nitramine

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
• Czasopismo: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 8, nr 3
• Strony: 157--171
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 27 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Betzler F. M.

autor

Klapötke T. M.

autor

Sproll S.

• Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (Haus D), D-81377 Munich, Germany,

Bibliografia

• [1] Mishra I.B., Vande Kieft L.J., Insensitive Binder for Propellants and Explosives, US 4875949, 1989.
• [2] Miller C.G., Williams G.K., Gas Generant and Synthesis, US 2,005,272,873, 2005.
• [3] (a) Thomas W.E., Martin T.E., Energetic Double Base Propellant Composition, US 3963545, 1976; (b) Baumgartner W.E., Butts P.G., Propellant Composition Containing Beryllium Hydride, Nitrocellulose, and Nitrate Coplasticizers, US 3861970, 1975; (c) Wallace I.I.A., Braithwaite P.C., Neidert J.B., Castable Explosive Composition Having Nitrocellulose Binder, US 5468313, 1995.
• [4] Gilbert E.E., J. Energ. Mater., The Reaction of Cellulose Nitrate with Several Nucleophiles, 1985, 3, 319-333.
• [5] Nair J.K., Soman R.R., Agawane N.T., Satpute R.S., Mukundan T., Kakade S.D., Gupta M., Asthana S.N., Thermal Decomposition Studies on Cured Energetic Polymer Systems (GAP and BAMO-THF), J. Polymer Mater., 2005, 22, 87-95.
• [6] (a) Faqi A.S., Richards D., Hauswirth J.W., Schroeder R., Maternal and Developmental Toxicity Study of Sodium Azide in Rats, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 2008, 52, 158-162; (b) Matsumura Y., Shiozawa T., Matsushita H., Terao Y., Mutagenicity of Alkyl Azides, Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 1995, 18, 1805-1807.
• [7] Fridman A.L., Gabitov F.A., Kremleva O.B., Zalesov V.S., Reactions of Diazoalkanes with Unsaturated Nitro Compounds, Nauch. Tr. Perm. Farmatsevt. Int., 1975, 3-15.
• [8] Klapoetke T.M., Sproll S.M., Investigation of Nitrogen-rich Energetic Polymers Based on Alkylbridged bis-(1-methyl-tetrazolylhydrazines), J. Polymer Sci., Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 2010, 48, 122-127.
• [9] (a) Heinze T., Liebert T., Unconventional Methods in Cellulose Functionalization, Progress in Polymer Science, 2001, 26, 1689-1762; (b) Krässig H.A., Cellulose - structure, Acessibility and reactivity, Gordon & Breach, Amsterdam, 1993.
• [10] Urbanski T., Chemie und Technologie der Explosivstoffe, Vol. 2, VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Leibzig, 1963.
• [11] NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) on Explosives, Impact Sensitivity Tests, no. 4489, 1st ed., 1999.
• [12] NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) on Explosive, Friction Sensitivity Tests, no. 4487, 1st ed., 2002.
• [13] (a) WIWEB-Standardarbeitsanweisung 4-5.1.02, Ermittlung der Explosionsgefährlichkeit, hier der Schlagempfindlichkeit mit dem Fallhammer, 2002; (b) WIWEB-Standardarbeitsanweisung 4-5.1.03, Ermittlung der Explosionsgefährlichkeit oder der Reibeempfindlichkeit mit dem Reibeapparat, 2002.
• [14] www.bam.de/en/index.htm.
• [15] www.ozm.cz.
• [16] Rahn K., Diamantoglou M., Klemm D., Berghmans H., Heinze T., Homogeneous Synthesis of Cellulose p-toluenesulfonates in N,N-dimethylacetamide/LiCl Solvent System, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 1996, 238, 143-163.
• [17] Knaus S., Mais U., Binder W.H., Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Methylaminocellulose, Cellulose (Dordrecht, Netherlands), 2003, 10, 139-150.
• [18] (a) Makino E., Ohashi T., Takahashi H., Kato H., Ito Y., Nagai H., Koda A., Azuma H., Potent Inhibitory Activity of HSR-6071, a New Antiallergic agent, on Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis (PCA), Jap. J. Pharmacol., 1990, 52, 87-94; (b) Reddy R.P., Ravindranath A., Ramaiah T.S, Rao M.V., Steroidal Tetrazoles, Indian J. Chem. Sci., 1987, 1, 45-62; (c) Alabaster C.T., Bell A.S., Campbell S.F., Ellis P., Henderson C.G., Morris D.S., Roberts D.A., Ruddock K.S., Samuels G.M.R., Stefaniak M.H., 2(1H)-Quinolinones with Cardiac Stimulant Activity. 2. Synthesis and Biological Activities of 6-(N-linked, five-membered heteroaryl) Derivatives, J. Med. Chem., 1989, 32, 575-583; (d) Uchida M., Komatsu M., Morita S., Kanbe T., Nakagawa K., Studies on Gastric Antiulcer Active Agents. II. Synthesis of Tetrazole Alkanamides and Related Compounds, Chem. & Pharm. Bull., 1989, 37, 322-326.
• [19] Gaponik P.N., Ivashkevich O.A., Karavai V.P., Lesnikovich A.I., Chernavina N.I., Sukhanov G.T., Gareev G.A., Polymers and Copolymers Based on Vinyl Tetrazoles. 1. Synthesis of Poly(5-vinyltetrazole) by Polymer-analogous Conversion of Polyacrylonitrile, Angew. Makromol. Chem., 1994, 219, 77-88.
• [20] (a) Singh R.P., Verma R.D., Meshri D.T., Shreeve J.n.M., Energetic Nitrogen-rich Salts and Ionic Liquids, Angew. Chem., International Edition, 2006, 45, 3584-3601; (b) Klapoetke T.M., Structure and Bonding: High Energy Density Compounds, Vol. 125, Springer Verlag, Berlin/ Heidelberg, 2007.
• [21] Gaponik P.N., Ivashkevich O.A., Chernavina N.I., Lesnikovich A.I., Sukhanov G.T., Gareev G.A, Polymers and Copolymers Based on Vinyl Tetrazoles. 2. Alkylation of poly(5-vinyltetrazole), Angew. Makromol. Chem., 1994, 219, 89-99.
• [22] Hesse M., Meier H., Zeeh B., Spektroskopische Methoden in der Organischen Chemie, 6 ed., Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 2002.
• [23] Meyer R., Köhler J., Homburg A., Explosives, 5 ed., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., Weinheim, 2002.
• [24] (a) Suceska M., Proc. of the 30th Int. Ann. Conf. ICT, Karlsruhe, F.-I. f. c. Technologie, DWS Werbeagentur und Verlag GmbH, 1999; (b) Suceska M., EXPLO5.V4, Zagreb, Croatia, 2009.
• [25] Klapoetke T.M., Stein M., Stierstorfer J., Salts of 1H-tetrazole - Synthesis, Characterization and Properties, Zeitschrift fuer Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie, 2008, 634, 1711-1723.
• [26] (a) Holleman A.F., Wiberg, Nils, Wiberg E., Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 101 ed., de Gruyter Verlag, Berlin, 1995; (b) http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry.
• [27] UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Manual of Tests and Criteria, 4 ed., United Nations, New York, 2004.