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Tytuł artykułu

Less Sensitive Transition Metal Salts of the 5-Nitrotetrazolate Anion

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Transition metal (silver and copper) salts of the 5-nitrotetrazolate (NT) anion (1 and 2) have been synthesized and characterized by analytical and spectroscopic methods. Standard BAM tests revealed extremely high sensitivity values for these compounds. The combination with the ethylenediamine ligand in salts 3 and 4 decreases the sensitivities in comparison to salts 1 and 2 making for much less hazardous handling and rendering the synthesis of NT salts more accessible for up-scaling. Additionally, a copper ammonia adduct of the NT anion (5) was synthesized, which shows the particularity of being able to be initiated by a laser beam, thus, decreasing the risk of accidental initiation, which often accompanies the use of primary explosives.
Rocznik
Strony
161--173
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz.
Twórcy
  • Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Energetic Materials Research, Butenandtstr. 5–13 (D), 81377 Munich, Germany, carlos.miro-sabate@univ-lyonl.fr
Bibliografia
  • [1] a) Klapötke T.M., in: Moderne Anorganische Chemie, 2nd ed., (E. Riedel, Ed.), Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York 2003, pp. 95–100; b) T. M. Klapötke, in: High Energy Density Materials, (T.M. Klapötke, Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2007, pp. 85-122.
  • [2] a) Hammerl A., Holl G., Klapötke T.M., Mayer P., Nöth H., Piotrowski H., Warchhold M., Salts of 5,5’-Azotetrazolate, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2002, 4, 834-845; b) Klapötke T.M., Mayer P., Schulz A., Weigand J.J., 1,5-Diamino-4- methyltetrazolium Dinitramide, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 2032-2033.
  • [3] Singh R.P., Gao H., Meshri D.T., Shreeve J.M., in: High Energy Density Materials, (T.M. Klapötke, Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2007, pp. 35-84.
  • [4] Adam D., Karaghiosoff K., Holl G., Kaiser M., Klapötke T.M., Triazidotrinitro Benzene: 1,3,5-(N3)3-2,4,6-(NO2)3C6, Propellants Explos, Pyrotech., 2002, 27(1), 7-11.
  • [5] Karaghiosoff K., Klapötke T.M., Michailovski A., Nöth H., Suter M., 1,4-Diformyl- 2,3,5,6-Tetranitratopiperazine: A New Primary Explosive Based on Glyoxal, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2003, 28(1), 1-6.
  • [6] Boese R., Klapötke T.M., Mayer P., Verma V., Synthesis and Characterization of 1-Azido-2-Nitro-2-Azapropane and 1-Nitrotetrazolato-2-Nitro-2-Azapropane, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2006, 31(4), 263-268.
  • [7] a) Huynh M.H.V., Hiskey M.A., Meyer T.J., Wetzler M., Green primaries: Environmentally friendly energetic complexes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006, 103, 5409–5412; b) Huynh M.H.V., Coburn M.D., Meyer T.J., Wetzler M., Green primary explosives: 5-Nitrotetrazolato-N2-ferrate hierarchies, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 2006, 103(27), 10322–10327.
  • [8] Harris D., Herber R.H., Jonassen H.B., Wertheim G.K., Complexes of Iron(II) and Some 5-Substituted Tetrazoles, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1963, 85, 2927-2930.
  • [9] Bates L.R., Jenkins J.M., Production of 5-nitrotetrazole salts, US Pat., 4 094 879, 1978.
  • [10] Hiskey M.A., M. H. Huynh M.H., Primary explosives, US Pat., 0 030 715, 2006.
  • [11] a) Xue h., Gao H., Twamley B., Shreeve J.M., Energetic Salts of 3-Nitro-1,2,4- triazole-5-one, 5-Nitroaminotetrazole, and Other Nitro-Substituted Azoles, Chem. Mater., 2007, 19, 1731-1739; b) Klapötke T.M., Miró Sabaté C., Rusan M., Synthesis, Characterization and Explosive Properties of 1,3-Dimethyl-5-amino-1H-tetrazolium 5-Nitrotetrazolate, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2008, 634, 688-695; c) von Denffer M., Heeb G., Klapötke T.M., Kramer G., Spiess G., Welch J.M., Improved Synthesis and X-Ray Structure of 5-Aminotetrazolium Nitrate, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2005, 30, 191-195; d) Klapötke T.M., Miró Sabaté C., Welch J.M., 1,5-Diamino-4-methyltetrazolium 5-Nitrotetrazolate – Synthesis, Testing and Scale-up, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2008, 634, 857; e) Klapötke T.M., Mayer P., Miró Sabaté C., Welch J.M.., Wiegand N., Simple, Nitrogen-rich, Energetic Salts of 5-Nitrotetrazole, Inorg. Chem., 2008, 47, 6014.
  • [12] von Denffer M., Klapötke T.M., Miró Sabaté C., Hydrates of 5-Amino-1H-tetrazolium Halogenide Salts – Starting Materials for the Synthesis of Energetic Compounds, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 2008, 634, 2575.
  • [13] Klapötke T.M., Miró Sabaté C., Welch J.M., Alkali Metal 5-Nitrotetrazolate Salts: Prospective Replacements for Service Lead(II)azide in Explosive Initiators, Dalton Trans., 2008, 6372.
  • [14] CrysAlis CCD, v. 1.171.27p5 beta, Oxford Diffraction Ltd, 2007.
  • [15] CrysAlis RED, v. 1.171.27p5 beta, Oxford Diffraction Ltd, 2007.
  • [16] Altomare A., Cascarano G., Giacovazzo C., Guagliardi A., Completion and refinement of crystal structures with SIR92, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 1993, 26, 343- 350.
  • [17] Sheldrick G.M., SHELXS-97, Program for Crystal Structure Solution, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, 1994.
  • [18] Sheldrick G.M., SHELXS-97, Program for Crystal Structure Solution, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, 1997.
  • [19] Farrugia L.J., WinGX suite for small-molecule single-crystal crystallography, J. Appl. Crystallogr., 1999, 32, 837-838.
  • [20] Spek A.L., PLATON, A Multipurpose Crystallographic Tool, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1999.
  • [21] SCALE3 ABSPACK—An Oxford Diffraction program, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., 2005.
  • [22] Köhler J., Meyer R., in: Explosivstoffe, 7th ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 1991.
  • [23] Oxygen balance calculated according to: Ω (%) = (wO - 2xC - 1/2yH - 2zS)*1600/M, where w: number of oxygen atoms, x: number of carbon atoms, y: number of hydrogen atoms, z: number of sulfur atoms and M: molecular weight of the compound.
  • [24] Klapötke T.M., Rienäcker C.M., Drophammer Test Investigations on Some Inorganic and Organic Azides, Propellants Explos. Pyrotech., 2001, 26, 43-47.
  • [25] Impact: Insensitive > 40 J, less sensitive = 35 J, sensitive = 4 J, very sensitive= 3 J; friction: Insensitive > 360 N, less sensitive = 360 N, between < 360 N and > 80 N, very sensitive > 80 N and extremely sensitive < 10 N. According to the UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (+) indicates not safe for transport.
  • [26] http://www.bam.de.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAT1-0038-0005
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