Hazard of Runaway of Nitration Processes in Nitrocompounds Production

• Autorzy: Kozak G. D. , Raikova V. M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Hazard of runaway of nitration processes in nitrocompounds production was investigated. Temperature rise in DNT nitration mixes under near adiabatic conditions was measured, and derivative dT/dζ was computed. Heat evolution rate caused by nitration (primary reaction) and oxidation (secondary reaction) were examined by means of elaborated mathematical model. Limiting values of T and dT/dζ for safe process were determined. The second part of investigation concerns detonability of solutions of nitrocompound in sulfuric acid. The detonation failure diameter df and detonation velocity D of solutions of trinitrotoluene, dinitrotoluene, and trinitrobenzene in sulfuric acid and oleum have been measured in the wide range of concentrations at T = 90C. It was shown that the detonability of the nitrocompounds depends signifcantly on the sulfuric acid content. The minimum value of df for the mixture TNT/oleum is about 2 mm, i.e., 30 times less, than that for melted TNT, and practically equals to df of nitroglycerine.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

runaway; nitration; oxidation; detonation; failure diameter; sulfuric acid

• Czasopismo: Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 7, nr 1
• Strony: 21--32
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 10 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Kozak G. D.

autor

Raikova V. M.

• Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125190, Russia,

Bibliografia

• [1] Kondrikov B.N., Some Problems in the Field of Reliability and Safety of New Energetic Materials, Novel Energetic Materials and Applications, 9th Int. Workshop on Combustion and Propulsion, Grafiche CSS, Bergano, Italy, 2004, pp. 3-19.
• [2] Raikova V.M., Kozak G.D., Safety of Exothermal Processes in Chemical Manufacture. Text Book, Moscow, Russian University of Chemical Technology, 2009, p. 75.
• [3] Raikova V.M., Ivanova O.A., Shraiber G.A., Runaway Exothermal Reactions and Thermal Explosion in Production of Organic Nitrocompounds, Proc. 10th Int. Seminar. Univ. Pardubice, Czech. Rep., 2007, pp. 866-875.
• [4] Raikova V.M., Kondrikov B.N., Mathematical Modeling of the Most Hazardous Situations at TNT Production, Proc. 27th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, FRG, 1996, pp. 105-1-14.
• [5] Kozak G.D., Raikova V.M. et al., Experimental Methods of Study of Safety of Exothermal Reactions, Moscow, Russian University of Chemical Technology, 2008, p. 65.
• [6] Shraiber G.A. Raikova V.M., Hazard of Exothermal Reaction in Production of Nitrocompounds, Proc. 8th Int. Seminar. “New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials”, Univ. Pardubice, Czech. Rep., 2005, pp. 764-771.
• [7] Kondrikov B.N., Kozak G.D., Raikova V.M., Sulfuric Acid Influence on Polynitrocompounds Slow Decomposition and Detonation Reactions, Proc. 27th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, FRG, 1996, pp. 72-1-14.
• [8] Khoroshev S.M., Kondrikov B.N., Kozak G.D. et al., About Solubility of Trinitrotoluene, Trinitrobenzene and Dinitrobenzene in Sulfuric Acid. Explosive Materials and Pyrotechnic, Problems of Explosive Safety of Chemical Workshops (B.N. Kondrikov Ed.), CNINTIKPK, Moscow, 1992, 3(218), pp. 14-20.
• [9] Kondrikov B.N., Kozak G.D., Raikova V.M., Starshinov A.V. Detonation of Nitromethane, DAN SSSR, 1977, 233, 402-405.
• [10] Kondrikov B.N., Kozak G.D., Starshinov A.V., Critical Conditions of Low and High Velocity Regimes in Liquid Nitrocompounds, Proc. 11th Int. Detonation Symposium, Snowmass, Colorado, Bookcomp, Ampersand, 2000, pp. 81-86.