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The stimulus needed for initiation of an energetic material is an important quantity to determine for reliable functioning and safe handling. When considering the gamma of impact, friction, spark and heating tests in use one runs into the problem of how to compare results and how to make a prediction for practical situations that an initiation certainly will happen or definitely can be excluded. The way forward is not easy. The initiation process, which in order to be successful, should be followed by sustained propagation, is not simply accessible. This paper tries to produce a contribution by considering the fundamental aspects and to show as an example some simulation results of a gas phase initiation model. Some suggestions are made for making further progress.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
55--69
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 17 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Delft Uni of Technology, TNW, MSP, Kramers Lab. Prins Bernardlaan 6, 2628 BW, Delft, The Netherlands
autor
autor
- University Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Institute, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
autor
- University Karlsruhe, Engler-Bunte-Institute, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
Bibliografia
- [1] Recommendations on the Transport oj Dangerous Goods, Tests and Criteria, 2nd ed. U.N. ST/SG/AC 10/1l/Rev.l, New York, UN. Publ. Sales No. E90 VIILl, ISBN 92-1-139033-8, ISSN 1014-7160, 1990.
- [2] Nefati H., Prediction de la sensibilite au choc des substances explosives ou non: approches statistique et neuronale, Thćse pour l'obtention du grade de Docteur de l'Universite Paris VI, Chimie Appliquee et Genie des Procedes Industrieis, le 18 juillet, 1994, V-153 p.+ annexes.
- [3] Frurip D. J., Freedman E., Hertel G. R., A New Release of the ASTM CHETAH Program for Hazard Evaluation: Versions for Mainframe and Personal Computer, Plant/Operations Progress, 1989,8(2),100-104.
- [4] Frurip D. J., Using the ASTM CHETAH Program in Chemical Process Hazard Evaluation, ibid., 1992,11(4),224-228.
- [5] Tarver C. M., Fried L. E., Ruggiero A J., Calef D. F., Energy Transfer in Solid Explosives, Proc. oj the Tenth International Detonation Symposium, Boston, July 12-16,1993.
- [6] Merzhanov A. G., Abramov V. G., Propellants and Explosives, 1981, 6, 130.
- [7] Miyake A, Van der Steen, A c., Kodde H. H., Detonation Velocity and Pressure of the Non-Ideal Explosive Ammonium Nitrate, Proc. Ninth Symp. (Int'l) on Detonation, Aug 28-Sept 1, Portland Oregon, OCNR 113291-7, Arlington, V A 22217- 5000,1989,560-565.
- [8] Maas U, Mathematische Modellierung instationarer Verbrennungsprozesse unter Verwendung detaillierter Reaktionsmechanismen, Dissertation, Ruprecht-Karls-Universitat, Heidelberg 1988.
- [9] Maas U, Warnatz J., Detailed Numeric Modelling ofH2-02 Ignition by Hot Spots, Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1991, 131.
- [10] Weiss M., Model, Software Development for Calculation of Markstein Numbers and Minimum Ignition Energies (MIE), Deliverable No.20, Project SAFEKINEX, September 2004.
- [11] Swallowe G. M., Field J. E., The Ignition of a thin Layer of Explosive by Impact; the Effect of Polymer Particles, Proc. R. Soc. London A 379, 1982, 389-408.
- [12] Leeuw M. W, Bal E. A, Prinse W c., Parametric Analysis of the Reliability of Igniter Systems, Rev. Scientific Instr., 1990, 63(6), 1-10; Leeuw M. W, Non-destructive Reliability Analysis of a Bridgewire Fuze Head, Prop. Expl. & Pyrotechnics, 1992, 15,92-96.
- [13] Coffey C. S., DE Vost V. F., Impact Testing ofExplosives and Propellants, Propellants, Explos., Pyrotech., 1995,20,105-115.
- [14] Schrader M. A., Leeuw M. W, Van der Steen A, C., The Thermal Step Test: AKey to High Temperature Behavior of Explosives, Proc. 9th Int'l Pyrotechnic Seminar; Colo Springs USA, 6-10 August, 1984, IITRI, Chicago Ill, 881-891.
- [15] Ostmark H., Laser as a Tool in Sensitivity Testing of Explosives, The Eighth Symposium (Int'l) on Detonation, July 15-19, 1985,46-53. Roman N. B. M., Laser Ignition ofExplosives and its Application in a Laser Diode
- [16] Based Ignition System, Proc. 16th Int 'l Pyrotechnics Seminar, 24-28 June, 1991, 822-836, ISBN 91-360-0551-4. Bouma R. H. B., Jordan T., Cardell A, Van Esveld R. J., Prinse W c., Van der Steen A C., Flyer Impact Characterisation of Booster Explosives for IM Applications,
- [17] Insensitive Munitions & Energetic Materials Technology Symposium, San Diego, 16-19 November 1998.
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAT1-0036-0067