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Warianty tytułu
Choropleth map and diagram map as an example of combining cartographic presentation methods
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
W artykule omówiono różne aspekty łączenia dwóch metod prezentacji - kartogramu i kartodiagramu na jednej mapie. Zwrócono uwagę na dopasowanie graficzne obu metod oraz na charakter i odniesienie przedstawianych w ten sposób danych. Pokazano przykłady takich połączeń, od najprostszych zastosowań po skomplikowane ujęcia anamorficzne.
Presentation of data on maps requires appropriate graphic methods to make the presented information logical and clear for map users. Depending on the range of information cartographers decide to use one, two or several presentation methods on a single map. A common combination is of a choropleth map with a diagram map. A choropleth map consists of area units (geometrical or administrative) designated with a color scale, a method for map background, while a diagram map consists of scaled diagrams appearing 'on top'. Because of this the two methods match and do not interfere graphically. Thus more data can be presented on a single map. It is important that data is logically selected and thematically linked, to create a new quality -communicate new information. Let us look at a combination of a choropleth map and a diagram map in relation to data selection. Considering possible combinations of two types of data (relative and absolute) with two methods of presentation, four types of combinations can be distinguished. (fig- 2). Type A is the most common and most correct according to cartographic methodology. Type B is also quite common. Type C seems incorrect because of a choropleth presentation of absolute data, which is contrary to theoretical recommendations of cartographic methodology. The last type is against the rules of cartographic methodology and is not used. When analyzing a combination of a choropleth map and a diagram map on a single map it is worth having a look not only at the character of data but also at what it relates to. In the case of a choropleth map data al-ways relates to area units. In diagrams data can relate to points, lines as well as area. Therefore the following types of graphic solutions can be determined (fig. 10). Type I is definitely the most common combination. Both methods relate to the same area units, which significantly facilitates map reading and interpretation. Many maps of Type II can be found in atlases, especially in maps thematically linked to population and industry, where data is related to points (diagrams) and area (choropleth). In such cases choropleth map is used to present various markers in relation to whole area unit: voivodship, countries, eta, while a diagram map presents e.g. cities or industrial centers. Type III is used when there is a need to show movement against the background of a choropleth map. Often the presented topic is so broad that it requires several graphic techniques simultaneously. They can be various types of diagrams (various shapes and colors), a complex choropleth map (two choropleth maps superimposed), various signatures and other methods of presentation (isolines, dots, ranges). Browsing through maps one can easily find ones with simultaneous use of several choropleth maps and diagram maps. There also exist some more complex combinations, which result in a single 'new' method of presentation, such as choropleth maps basing on a diagram or cartograms. Map authors combine the choropleth method with a diagram method to present a certain group of topics. This combination is often used to present socio-economic issues, because they require quantitative or ordering methods, of which a choropleth map and a diagram map are the most popular. While selecting data for cartographic presentation it should be remembered that using two or more sets of data on a single map has to be justified. Data shown on a single map has to be complimentary, self-explanatory and selected correctly from the point of cartographic methodology and graphic design. Any attempt to make an exhaustive and clear presentation of a particular problem on a map requires some graphic techniques involving a combination of cartographic methods. Clarity of such presentation depends on data selection, graphic design and perception of map user. Presented analysis does not conclude the topic of research, rather it opens the door towards a broader view of the potential of combining various cartographic methods.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
305--320
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 9 poz.
Twórcy
Bibliografia
- Kocimowski K., Kwiatek J., 1977, Wykresy i mapy statystyczne. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny.
- Korycka-Skorupa J., 2004, Kartodiagram i kartogram a charakter danych - badania eksperymentalne. „Polski Przegl. Kartogr." T. 36, nr 1, s. 12-23.
- Monmonier M., 1996, How to lie with maps. 2nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
- Pasławski J., 1993, O kartogramie diagramicznym. „Polski Przegl. Kartogr." T. 25, nr 2, s. 57-65.
- Pasławski J., 2007, Kartogramy w Atlasie Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej. „Polski Przegl. Kartogr." T. 39, nr 1, s. 19-34.
- Ratajski L, 1989, Metodyka kartografii spoteczno-gospodarczej. Wyd. II. Warszawa: Państwowe Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych.
- Robinson A.H., Morrison J.L., Muehrcke P.C., KimerlingA.J., Guptil S.C., 1995, Elements of cartography. 6th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
- Saliszczew K.A., 1998, Kartografia ogólna. Warszawa: Wydawn. Naukowe PWN.
- Wrona J., 2004, Podstawowe metody kartografii społeczno-gospodarczej. Kraków: Wydawn. Akademii Ekonomicznej w Krakowie.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAR9-0010-0058
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