Kartografia prasowa w Polsce w ostatniej dekadzie XX wieku

• Autorzy: Kowalski P.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Polish journalistic cartography of the last decade of the 20th century

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W artykule przedstawiono uwarunkowania kilkukrotnego, a w niektórych gazetach kilkunastokrotnego wzrosu liczby map w prasie ogólnoinformacyjnej o zasięgu ogólnopolskim po 1989 r., zmian formy i poziomu graficznego map oraz próbę oceny ich poprawności metodycznej.

EN

The political changes in Poland after 1989 resulting in, among others, the introduction of market economy, suppression of censorship and state mass media monopoly did have significant impact on the development of Polish press and indirectly also on journalistic cartography. Several new daily newspapers (especially regional and local ones) have been launched, whereas half of the already existing went bankrupt. The process of privatization as well as foreign investments resulted in an increased competition and also contributed to the improvement of editorial standard of both newly launched as well as transformed old titles. Journalistic maps of the late 80s and early 90s were mostly produced by means of the photomechanical technology: hand-drawn, with Letraset, linotype or sometimes typewriter lettering. Even some hand-lettered maps appeared. Maps reproduced from foreign papers, often without translations of geographic names and map explanations, had large share in overall number of all maps (especially in regional and local newspapers). After 1995 the number of such maps fell radically. During the early 1990s digital technology was introduced to the newspapers' graphic departments. The use of computers not only revolutionized the processes of preparing, typesetting and printing, but also significantly shortened the time necessary to prepare a map. Computers also enabled the editors to use specialized infographic services (provided by Reuter, AP, AFP, Graphic News and also by Polish press agency PAP since 1997). Moreover, it became easier for nonspecialists to correctly prepare a map. Advances in press printing (introduction of offset printing) led to the improvement of map graphic standard. Also, non-cartographers were hired to produce maps in the graphic departments, which resulted in a fact that the advancements of graphic standard of maps were not always reflected by a similar improvement of their cartographic correctness. The early 1990s brought a gradual increase of number of maps published, which was even more significant after 1993 in nationwide newspapers. The regional and local papers increased the number of maps in the late 1990s. Over 2400 maps appeared in the 7 analyzed paper between 1989 and 1993, of which as many as 73% of them in newly launched "Gazeta Wyborcza" and in privatized "Rzeczpospolita" - both using the foreign infographic services. Over the next 5 years 6500 maps were published. As a result, over 9000 maps altogether appeared between 1989 and 1998. The were subject to analyses of changes in their graphic standard and cartographic correctness.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

kartografia; kartografia prasowa; prasa; mapa; Polska

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne. Oddział Kartograficzny
• Czasopismo: Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
• Rocznik: 1999
• Tom: T. 31, nr 3
• Strony: 159--168
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 5 poz., mapy, rys.

Twórcy

autor

Kowalski P.

• Katedra Kartografii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Bibliografia

• Bajka Z., 1998, Kapitał zagraniczny w polskiej prasie - lata dziewięćdziesiąte. „Zeszyty Prasoznawcze", T. 41, nr 1-2, s. 21-44.
• Filas R., 1992, Zmiany poczytności gazet i czasopism o zasięgu ogólnopolskim (1989-1992). „Zeszyty Prasoznawcze", T. 33, nr :1-2, s. 53-74.
• Instytut Badania Mediów i Rynku „Estymator", 1998, Prasa, radio, telewizja. Wyniki ogólnopolskich badań ankietowych wiosna 1998. Estymator.
• Kowalski P., 1997, Kartografia prasowa w Polsce w drugiej połowie lat dziewięćdziesiątych. „Polski Przegl. Kartogr." T. 29, nr 4, s. 229-242.
• Sondaże OBP, 1998, Czytelnictwo prasy w 1997 roku. „Zeszyty Prasoznawcze", T. 41, nr 1-2, s. 168-172.