Pierwsza mapa przeglądowa Górnego Śląska z 1746 roku

• Autorzy: Konias A.

Warianty tytułu

EN

First small-scale general reference map of Upper Silesia published in 1746

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Górny Śląsk jako odrębny region geograficzny opracowany został po raz pierwszy na mapie przeglądowej dopiero w 1746 roku. Autor przedstawia okoliczności powstania mapy i jej treść oraz daje ocenę dokładności. Mapa ma dużą wartość historyczną ze względu na opracowanie jej na podstawie pierwszego urzędowego pomiaru Śląska.

EN

Two geographical regions of Silesia developed in the course of time - Lower Silesia and Upper Silesia - were characterized by different cartographic development up to the 18th century. The Lower Silesian cartography was significant, whereas there was almost no maps for the Upper Silesia. The area of Upper Silesia presented with large deformations on the first map of Silesia by Martin Helwig (1561), and then recured on small-scale maps remained unchanged for almost two centuries. The turning-point in the development of cartography of Upper Silesia took place in the first half of 18th century, after the official surveys had been carried and detailed maps of Silesian duchies had been drawn by J.W. Wieland, which were used as a base to the elaboration of the first small-scale map of Upper Silesia. The map was drawn by J.M. Hase and published by the Homman's inheritors' publishing house in Nurnberg in 1746. As for its small scale (ca 1:584 000), the map content is significantly rich. The settlement is complete in reference to the Upper Silesian towns, but the villages are highly generalized. The primary road networks is also simplified. The names of populated places and rivers are mostly given in German, with characteristic adjustment of the Polish names to the German pronunciation and spelling. The detailed river network and presentation of water bodies is very noticeable in light of the fact of giving names only for major rivers. The presentation of forests reflects their actual range only in the northern part of Upper Silesia. Relief was schematically presented using the perspective method. The map provides full information on administrative division of Upper Silesia into five duchies: Cieszyn, Opawa, Karniów, Opole, Racibórz, and two free states: Pszczyna and Bytom together with the enclaves of Wrocław Bishopric and Morawy situated in their area. The map also presents the ownership units named minorates. Moreover, the boundary of the division of Silesia between Prussia and Austria after the peace treaties of 1742 and 1745 is also incorporated on the map. Owing to the considerable degree of elimination of errors of the populated places' geographical location in comparison with the Helwig's map, as well as the river network, settlement, roads and administrative division being more reliable, the map can serve as a valuable cartographic source for solving historical research problems pertaining to Upper Silesia.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

geografia; kartografia; mapa; mapa przeglądowa; historia; Polska; Górny Śląsk

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne. Oddział Kartograficzny
• Czasopismo: Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: T. 30, nr 3
• Strony: 185--193
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 8 poz., mapy, rys.

Twórcy

autor

Konias A.

• Uniwersytet Śląski, Sosnowiec

Bibliografia

• Hallmenfeld J.F., pol. XVIII w., Opus quadripartitum historico-geographicum Silesiacum, Rękopis Biblioteki Narodowej w Warszawie, sygn. III 3105.
• Heyer A., 1891, Geschichte der Kartographie Schlesiens bis zur preussischen Besitzergreifung. Breslau, Druck v. R. Nischkowsky.
• Janczak J., 1976, Zarys dziejów kartografii śląskiej do końca XVIII wieku, Opole, Instytut Śląski.
• Jüngst L., 1937, Oberschlesien im ältesten Kadenbild. „Der Oberschlesier" 19, H. 9, s. 512-517.
• Konias A., 1995, Kartograficzny obraz Śląska na podstawie map księstw śląskich Jana Wolfganga Wielanda i Mateusza Schubartha z polowy XVIII wieku. Katowice, Wydawn. Uniwersyteu Śląskiego.
• Runge Ch., 1775, Notitie historicorum et historiae gentis Silesiecae. Vratisivlae, Pars 1, s. 189-198.
• Scheibel J. E., 1783, Beiträge zur Topographie von Schlesien, von den Landkarten, älteren Topographien, Lage, der politischen und geographischen Einteilung, Grösse, Grenzen und dem Klima. „Neue ökonomische Nachrichten", Patriotische Gesellschaft in Schlesien, Bd. 4, s. 155-189.
• Zembaty J., 1957, Najstarsze mapy Śląska i ich autorzy. „Kwartalnik Opolski" Nr 2, s. 115-147.