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Life as the factor of toys safety

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The problem of product life as an important factor of toys safe use is considered. Main sources of hazards and their adverse effect to children health are characterized. The results of unwanted events associated with improper toy design and with its quality of manufacture as well as with use of inappropriate materials for toys production are discussed. Necessity of using the laboratory testing methods based on ageing process to predict changes in toys parameters during their use are pointed out. Features and criteria for assessment of toys life in the light of formal and legal requirements are specified. Considering experience of other scientists, presented in scientific publications as well as the results of the author studies, the innovative method for assessment of life of toys made of polymers is suggested.
Słowa kluczowe
EN
Twórcy
  • KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology, Laboratory of Material Engineering and Environment, Pszczyńska 37, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland, phone: +48 32 237-46-65, bbylina@komag.eu
Bibliografia
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  • [5] Directive 2009/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 June 2009 on toy safety (Official Journal of the European Union No. L170/1).
  • [6] Publication of titles and references of harmonized standards under the directive Commission communication in the framework of the implementation of Directive 2009/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the safety of toys. Offcial Journal of the European Union (No 2011/C 307/3).
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  • [28] Grynkiewicz-Bylina B., Testing the toys conformity with safety requirements (in Polish: Badania zgodności zabawek z wymaganiami bezpieczeństwa), Quality Problems, 8, 17-23, 2010.
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  • [34] Grynkiewicz-Bylina B., Procedure for assessment of toys safety (in Polish: Procedura oceny bezpieczeństwa użytkowania zabawek), Quality Problems, 12, 35-41, 2011.
  • [35] Grynkiewicz-Bylina B., Injuries, accidents among children and youth, Selected issues, Edited by Domżał-Drzewicka R., Ścibor A., Saracen A., Polskie Stowarzyszenie Pielęgniarek Pediatrycznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Politechnika Radomska Instytut Zdrowia, Lublin 2011, pp. 59-77.
  • [36] Grynkiewicz-Bylina B., Analysis and assessment of risk in use of products for children on the basis of laboratory tests (in Polish: Analiza i ocena zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa użytkowania wyrobów dla dzieci na podstawie badań laboratoryjnych), Research project KOMAG Institute of Mining Technology, Gliwice, Poland, 2011 (not published).
  • [37] CEN/CR 14379:2002, Classfication of toys - Guidelines.
  • [38] Grynkiewicz-Bylina B., Testing of toxic elements migration from the materials used as toy coatings, Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S., 18, 2, 223-231, 2011.
  • [39] Grynkiewicz-Bylina B., Dangerous phthalates in child‘s environment, Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S., 18, 4, 445-463, 2011.
  • [40] PN-EN ISO 4892-2:2009, Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenonarc lamps.
  • [41] DIN 75220:1992, Ageing of automotive compounds in solar simulation units.
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAR0-0068-0003
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