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Global rice production is confronting issues such as climate change and the scarcity of resource availability whilst the world's population continues to increase. The issues and opportunities for sustainable increase of rice production differ from one rice ecosystem to another due to degrees of intensification, crop management operations, and differences in environmental and socio-economic conditions. The existing, improved and promising technologies can employee to boost farmers' production and to increase their incomes, while ensuring sustainable rice production. By employing improved production methods can restore homeostatic mechanisms conductive to community stability, optimize the rate of turnover, ensure an efficient energy flow, and encourage local production of food items adapted to the natural and socioeconomic settings. This can reduce costs whilst increasing the efficiency and economic viability of small and medium-sized farms by promoting a diverse, potentially resilient agricultural system. This manuscript illustrates a case study of technological improvement introduced for manual rice seeder used for line hill seeding. Also, it provides a comparison between performance of manual broadcasting and improved manual conical rice hill seeder.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
50--56
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
- Department of Mechanical and Structural Engineering, Faculty of Science Technology, University of Stavanger, N- 4036, Stavanger, Norway, phone: +47 486-00-616, chandima.ratnayake@uis.no
Bibliografia
- [1] Latha J.K., Fischer K.S., Hussain M., Hobbs P.R., and Hardy B., (2000), Improving productivity and sustainability of rice-wheat system of the IndoGangetic Plains: a synthesis of NARS-IRRI partnership research, Discussion paper, International Rice Research Institute, Makati City, Philippines, 2009, no. 40, pp. 1-13.
- [2] Timsina J., Connor D.J., Productivity and management of rice-wheat cropping systems: Issues and challenges, Field Crop Research, 69, 93-132, 2001.
- [3] Ashraf M., Inayatullah C., Zia M.S., Qureshi, M.A., Constraints in maximizing rice yield, Progressive Farming, 102-105, 1986.
- [4] Chaudhary M.Y., Problems and prospects of rice cultivation in Pakistan, Progressive Farming, 6, 6-11, 1986.
- [5] Chaudhary M.Y., Problems and prospects of rice cultivation in Pakistan, Progressive Farming, 6, 6-11, 1986.
- [6] Department of Census and Statistics, Population and characteristics, 2006, http://www.statistics. gov.lk. (accessed on 10.09.2007).
- [7] Anonymous, FAOSTAT database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Rome, Italy, 2006, http://faostat.fao.org.
- [8] Anonymous, FAOSTAT database, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation, Rome, Italy, 2004, http://faostat.fao.org.
- [9] Mann R.A., Ashraf M., Improvement of Basmati and its production practices in Pakistan, In: Speciality Rices of the World: breeding, production and marketing, 129-148, 2001.
- [10] Kepner R.A., Bainer R., Barger E.L., Principles of farm machinery, AVI Publishing Company, Inc., Westport, Connecticut, 3rd edition, pp. 527, 1982.
- [11] Santhi P., Ponnuswamy K., Kempuchetty N., A labour saving technique in direct-sown and transplanted rice, Intl. Rice Res. Notes, 23, 2, 35, 1998.
- [12] Om H., Singh O.P., Joon R.K., Effect of time of transplanting and spacing on Basmati Rice, Harayana J. Agron., 9, 1, 87-92, 1993.
- [13] Soza E., Botta G., Tourn M., Hidalgo R., Sowing efficiency of two seeding machines with different metering devices and distribution systems: a comparison using soybean, Glycine max (L) Merr., Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 3, 315-321, 2004.
- [14] Aldas R.E., Sakurai H., Study on Two Row Manual Rice Seeder with Plunger Type Mechanism for Hill Seeding Rice, The Philippine Society of Agricultural Engineers Journal, 13-18, 2001.
- [15] Jorgenson M., International seed testing association, 21 supplement, Zurich, Swiss, pp. 228, 1988.
- [16] Soza E., Botta G., Tourn M., Hidalgo R., Sowing efficiency of two seeding machines with different metering devices and distribution systems: a comparison using soybean, Glycine max (L) Merr., Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 2, 3, 315-321, 2004.
- [17] Devnani R.S., Direct seeding options, equipment developed and their performance on yield of rice crop, Agric. Mech. Asia Africa Latin America, 33, 4, 27-33, 2002.
- [18] Subbaiah S.V., Balasubramanian V., Krishnaiah K., Evaluation of drum seeder in puddle rice fields, Agric. Mech. Asia Africa Latin America, 33, 4, 23-26, 2002.
- [19] Tajuddin A., Rajendran P., Devices for intercropping green manure in wet seeded rice, Agric. Mech. Asia Africa Latin America, 33, 3, 9-10, 2002.
- [20] Johnkutty I., Mathew G., Mathew J., Comparison between transplanting and direct seeding methods for crop establishment in rice, Journal of Tropical Agriculture, 40, 65-66, 2002.
- [21] Kumar P.G.V., Jhonhas R., Obed Natso V., Flow rate of paddy seeds through sharp-edged orifices on the rotating drum of drum seeder, In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Agricultural Engineering (ETAE’04), IIT Kharagpur, India, pp. 9-15, 2004.
- [22] Sivakumar S.S., Manian, R., Kathirvel K., Raghavan G.S.V., Investigation on the influence of machine and operational parameters for the development of a manually drawn rice seeder for direct sowing, Agric. Eng. Int. CIGR E-J., 7, 1-12, 2005.
- [23] Nguyen N.V., Sustainable intensification of rice production for food security in the near future - a summary report, 2011, http://www.faoorg/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Rice/sustintriceprod.pdf (Accessed on 06.08.2011).
- [24] Altieri M.l A., Agroecology: The Scientific Basis of Alternative Agriculture, Boulder: Westview Press, 1987.
- [25] Kumar P.G.V., Srivastava B., Nagesh D.S., Modeling and optimization of parameters of flow rate of paddy rice grains through the horizontal rotating cylindrical drum of drum seeder, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 65, 1, 26-35, 2009.
- [26] Nwilene F.E., Oikeh S.O., Agunbiade T.A., Oladimeji O., Ajayi O., Si´e M., Gregorio G.B., Togola A., Tour´e A.D., Growing lowland rice: a production handbook, Africa Rice Center (WARDA), pp. 12, 2008. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/ivc/docs/Growing%20lowland%20rice_%20production%20handbook_prepress%20final%20version_19-05-08 low% 20res.pdf, (accessed on 31.09.2011).
- [27] Lacayanga J.E., Valdez W.G., Ines R.L., Calderon R.P., Improved manual rice hill seeder for wetland paddy, LUMINA An Interdisciplinary Research and Scholarly Journal, 20, 1, 2009.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BAR0-0065-0074