Suche osiadanie zanieczyszczeń na podłożu i jego parametryzacja w modelach rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń powietrza atmosferycznego

• Autorzy: Markiewicz M. T.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Dry deposition of air pollutants on the surface and its parametrization in the air pollution dispersion models

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Zaprezentowano metody opisu suchej depozycji zanieczyszczeń na podłożu w modelach rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń powietrza atmosferycznego. Prezentację metod poprzedza opis zjawiska suchego osiadania zanieczyszczeń na podłożu i ogólna klasyfikacja modeli rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń powietrza. Pierwsza z przedstawianych w artykule metod jest metodą najmniej skomplikowaną i znaną najdłużej. W tej metodzie opis suchej depozycji zanieczyszczeń na podłożu opiera się na pojedynczym parametrze - prędkości suchego osiadania zanieczyszczeń na podłożu. Wartość tego parametru jest najczęściej uzależniana od rodzaju zanieczyszczenia i rodzaju podłoża. Ta metoda parametryzacji może być stosowana we wszystkich rodzajach modeli rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń powietrza. W dalszej kolejności w artykule opisano bardziej zaawansowane metody parametryzacji suchego osiadania zanieczyszczeń na podłożu, w tym metodę "dużego liścia". Metody te są stosowane przede wszystkim w modelach numerycznych teorii K. W tych metodach nie korzysta się ze stablicowanych wartości prędkości osiadania, lecz proces suchego osiadania zanieczyszczeń na podłożu jest modelowany z użyciem tzw. rezystancji. Rezystancja, inaczej opór transportu zanieczyszczeń, jest definiowana jako odwrotność prędkości osiadania. Przez analogię do oporu elektrycznego rezystancja suchego osiadania jest dzielona na elementy składowe (rezystancje składowe) i obliczana z formuł matematycznych. W przypadku cząstek aerozoli dodatkowo uwzględniana jest prędkość opadania.

EN

Atmospheric pollutants are removed from the atmosphere by dry and wet deposition. Wet deposition is the process, in which gases and aerosol particles are absorbed into atmospheric droplets and afterwards they are transported by the precipitation to the surface of Earth. Dry deposition is the process, in which pollutants are transported by air motions to the surface of the Earth and afterwards they are adsorbed or absorbed by the soil, plants, water and other materials covering the ground surface. Here it should be stressed that the terms "dry" and "wet" are not related to the surface of Earth but to the way, in which the pollutants are transported towards it. The dry deposition of gases and aerosol particles is a complex process as it is influenced by many factors such as: meteorological conditions, the type of the pollutant and its physical and chemical properties, the type of the surface and its characteristic. In this article the dry deposition parametrization methods used in the air pollution models are reviewed. Before the specific methods are presented the dry deposition process is described and the classification of the air quality models is given. The description of the dry deposition parametrization methods starts with the simple one, in which the single parameter called the dry deposition velocity is used. This method can be applied to any kind of the air pollution model. Next the more advanced methods of the dry deposition parametrization are described including the "Big leaf model". These methods are commonly applied in the numerical K-theory air quality models. In these methods the dry deposition of pollutants is modelled using the so-called resistances. The resistance is defined as the reverse of the dry deposition velocity. By analogy to the electrical resistance the dry deposition resistance is calculated as the sum of specific resistances. In case of the aerosol particles the settling velocity in addition is taken into account.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

model; zanieczyszczenie powietrza; sucha depozycja; parametryzacja

EN

air pollution; dispersion models; dry deposition; parametrization

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: T. 5, nr 3-4
• Strony: 331--347
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 64 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Markiewicz M. T.

• Politechnika Warszawska, Instytut Systemów Inżynierii Środowiska

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