Parametryzacja procesów chemicznych w modelach rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń powietrza atmosferycznego

• Autorzy: Markieiwcz M. T.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Parametrization of chemical processes in the air pollution dispersion models

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Zaprezentowano metody opisu przemian chemicznych zanieczyszczeń w modelach rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń powietrza atmosferycznego. Opis metod poprzedza ogólna klasyfikacja modeli rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń powietrza. Pierwsza z przedstawionych metod jest metodą najprostszą spośród wszystkich znanych i jednocześnie najstarszą. W tej metodzie opis procesów chemicznych zachodzących w atmosferze bazuje na pojedynczym parametrze, którym najczęściej jest czas połowicznej przemiany. Uproszczoną metodę parametryzacji przemian chemicznych można wykorzystywać we wszystkich modelach rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze, jakkolwiek obecnie metodę tę stosuje się prawie wyłącznie w modelach gaussowskich oraz modelach trajektoryjnych cząstek. W metodzie drugiej, bardziej dokładnej, modelowanie przemian chemicznych zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze wymaga zastosowania schematów chemicznych. Metoda ta jest stosowana powszechnie w modelach pudełkowych i numerycznych modelach teorii K. Śledząc w czasie zmianę opisu przemian chemicznych z użyciem schematów chemicznych w numerycznych modelach rozprzestrzeniania się zanieczyszczeń teorii K w atmosferze, można je podzielić na trzy klasy 'wiekowe'. W tzw. pierwszej generacji uwzględnia się głównie przemiany chemiczne w fazie gazowej. W modelach zaliczanych do modeli drugiej generacji przemiany chemiczne zanieczyszczeń w fazach gazowej i wodnej są opisywane przy zastosowaniu oddzielnych modułów. W obecnie opracowywanych, najbardziej rozbudowanych systemach modelowania zanieczyszczeń w atmosferze w opisie procesów chemicznych uwzględniane są przemiany zachodzące w trzech fazach.

EN

Within the last twenty years the big progress was achieved in the atmospheric chemistry discipline. It is expected that this progress will be continued. Currently homogenous gas phase chemical reactions are known the best. The further examination is needed to get to know better the chemical reactions taking place in the liquid and solid phases as well as the heterogeneous reactions. In this article methods of description of the chemical processes in the air pollution models are described. Theory and application of these methods into different types of models are preceded by the classification of the air pollution models. As the chemical processes are complex their description in the models has to be simplified. In this article two basic types of methods of chemical processes parametrizations in the air quality models are distinguished. First the simple method based on the single parameter is given. For this purpose the half-life of pollutant is commonly used, which is defined as the period of time during which the pollutant concentration drops to the value equal half of the beginning concentration. This method can be applied to any kind of the air quality model. Next the more advanced method of parametrization of the chemical processes of atmospheric pollutants is described. In this method the chemical processes taking place in the atmosphere are modelled using the chemical module. This method is commonly used in the numerical air quality models particularly in K-theory models. Taking into account the complexity of chemical schemes used in the chemical modules the constant improvements are observed. In the oldest so-called first-generation K-theory models only the gas phase chemical reactions were considered. In the so-called second-generation K-theory models the two separate chemical modules describing the chemical transformations in the gas phase and liquid phase are present. Recently developed so-called third-generation K-theory models atmospheric chemical processes in all three phases are described.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

model; zanieczyszczenie powietrza; przemiana chemiczna; metoda numeryczna

EN

air pollution; dispersion models; chemical processes; ODE solvers

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: T. 5, nr 3-4
• Strony: 311--330
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 85 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Markieiwcz M. T.

• Politechnika Warszawska, Instytut Systemów Inżynierii Środowiska

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