Integration of GPS and pseudolites - effect on the positioning accuracy

• Autorzy: Rzepecka Z. , Wasilewski A. , Cellmer S.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Integracja GPS i pseudolitów - wpływ na dokładność pozycjonowania

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

It is well known that for monitoring of engineering structures it is desirable and recommended, that the measuring system used could provide equal precision in all 3D coordinates, all the time. In many cases the spaceborn position should be augmented by other additional means, especially when the configuration of satellites is not very good (signal shadowing, small number of satellites). There are many possibilities, one of them is to use additional ranging signals transmitted from ground-based devices simulating satellites. The devices are called pseudosatellites or, more often in abbreviated form, pseudolites (PLs). Most often, they are used to strengthen geometry of positioning. In this paper background theory of pseudolites as well as Dilution of Precision (DOP) is presented. Results of accuracy pre-analysis performed are also given.

PL

Wiadomo, że do monitorowania obiektów inżynierskich jest wymagane, aby wykorzystywany system pomiarowy mógł zapewnić równą dokładność wszystkim trzem współrzędnym przez cały czas trwania pomiaru. Przy wykorzystaniu pozycjonowania satelitarnego GPS często się zdarza, szczególnie w warunkach występujących zasłon sfery niebieskiej, że warunek ten nie jest spełniony. Wtedy system satelitarny powinien być zintegrowany z jakimś innym, niezależnym systemem pomiarowym. Jedną z możliwości jest zastosowanie urządzeń naziemnych, symulujących satelity GPS. Urządzenia takie są zwane pseudosatelitami lub w skrócie pseudolitami (PL). Najczęściej wykorzystuje się je do wzmocnienia geometrii pozycjonowania. W prezentowanej pracy podano podstawy teorii pseudolitów oraz wykonywania analizy geometrii pozycjonowania (Dilution of Precision). Podano także wyniki przeprowadzonej wstępnej analizy dokładności pozycjonowania przy użyciu systemu GPS wspomaganego pseudolitami.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

pseudolite; DOP factors; positioning accuracy; satellite configuration

PL

pseudolit; współczynniki DOP; dokładność pozycjonowania; konfiguracja satelitów

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warmińsko-Mazurskiego w Olsztynie
• Czasopismo: Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: nr 8
• Strony: 49--64
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Rzepecka Z.

• Institute of Geodesy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

autor

Wasilewski A.

• Institute of Geodesy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

autor

Cellmer S.

• Institute of Geodesy, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Bibliografia

• BARLTROP K.J., STAFFORD J.F. & ELROD B.D. 1996. Local DGPS with pseudolite augmentation and implementation considerations for LAAS, 9th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION-96. Kansas City, Missouri, 17-20 September, 449-459.
• BARNES J., RIZOS CH., WANG J., MENG X., COSSER E., DODSON A.H., ROBERTS G.W. 2003. The Monitoring of bridge movements using GPS and Pseudolites. International Symposium on Deformation Measurements, May 25-28, 2003, Santorini, Greece, (Proceedings), 563-571.
• BARNES J., WANG J., RIZOS C. & TSUJII T. 2002. The performance of a pseudolite-based positioning system for deformation monitoring, 2nd Symp. on Geodesy for Geotechnical &Structural Applications. Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May, 326-327.
• BIEŃ J. (chief editor). 1999. Motorway Bridge over Vistula River Near Torun. Akces, Toruń, Poland (in Polish).
• CELLMER S. 2004. Theoretical minimum value of PDOP determination. Technical Sciences, Olsztyn, in print.
• CHOI I.K., WANG J., HAN S. and RIZOS C. 2000. Pseudolites: A new tool for surveyors) 2nd Trans Tasman Survey Congress. Queenstown, New Zealand, 20-26 August, 141-149.
• DAI L., RIZOS C. & WANG J. 2001. The role of pseudo-satellite signals in precise GPS-based positioning. Journal of Geospatial Eng., HK Inst. of Engineering Surveyors, 3(1), 33-44.
• ERICKSON C. 1992. Investigating of C/A Code and Carrier Measurements and Techniques for Rapid static GPS Surveys. University of Calgary Reports, 20044, Mc Thesis.
• GREJNER-BRZEZINSKA D., YI Y. 2002. Experimental GPS/INS/Pseudolite System for Kinematic positioning. Surv. Rev. 37(288), 113-126.
• HARRINGTON R.L. & DOLLOFF J.T. 1976 The inverted range: GPS user test facility, IEEE PLANS'76. San Diego, California, 1-3 November, 204-211.
• HARTMANN G.K., LEITINGER R. 1984. Range errors due to ionospheric and tropospheric effects for signal frequences above 100 MHz. Bulletin Geodesique, 58, 2, pp. 109-136.
• HEIN G.W., EISSFELLER B., WERNER W. OTT B., ELROD B.D., BARLTROP K.J. & STAFFORD J.F. 1997. Practical investigations on DGPS for aircraft precision approaches augmented by pseudolite carrier phase tracking. 10th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION-97, Kansas City, Missouri, 16-19 September, 1851-1960.
• HOFMANN-WELLENHOF B., LICHTENEGGER H., COLLINS J. 1997. GPS. Theory and Practice. Fourth edition. ISBN 3-211-82591-6. Springer-Verlag, Wien, New York.
• HOLDEN T. & MORLEY T. 1997. Pseudolite augmented DGPS for land applications, 10th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION-97. Kansas City, Missouri, 16-19 September, 1397-1403.
• KEE C., JUN H., YUN D., KIM B., KIM Y., PARKINSON B.W., LANGESTEIN T., PULLEN S., LEE J. 2000. Development of indoor navigation system using asynchronous pseudolites. Proceedings ION GPS 2000, 1038-1045, Salt Lake City, Utah, September 19-22.
• KLEIN D., PARKINSON B.W. 1986. The use of pseudo-satellites for improving GPS performane. Global Positioning System (red book), Vol III, Institute of Navigation, 1986, 135-146.
• LEE H.K. 2002. GPS/Pseudolite/SDINS integration approach for kinematic applications. 15th Int. Technical Meeting of the Satellite Div. of the US Institute of Navigation, ION, Fairfax, Va., 1464-1473
• LEE H.K., WANG J., RIZOS C., GREJNER-BRZEZINSKA D. 2004. Analyzing the Impact of integrating Pseudolites Observations into a GPS/INS System. Journal of Surveying Engineering, ASCE/May 2004/95.
• LEMASTER E. AND ROCK S. 1999. Mars exploration using self-calibrating pseudolite arrays. 12th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION-99, Nashville, Tennessee, 14-17 September, 1549-1558.
• MENG X., ROBERTS G.W., COSSER E., DODSON A.H. 2003. Real-time bridge deflection and vibration monitoring using an integrated GPS/Accelerometer/Pseudolite system. International Symposium on Deformation Measurements, May 25-28, 2003, Santorini, Greece, (Proceedings), 573-581.
• O'KEEFE K., SHARMA J., CANNON M.E. & LACHAPELLE G. 1999. Pseudolite-based inverted GPS concept for local area positioning. 12th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation. Nashville, Tennessee, 14-17 September, 1523-1530.
• PARKINSON B.W., SPILKER J.J. JR. 1996. Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications. Vol. II, published by the American Institute of Aeoronautics and Astronautics, ISBN 1-56347-107-8.
• STONE M.J. & POWELL J.D. 1999. Precise positioning using GPS satellites and pseudolites emphasizing open pit mining applications. 4th Int. Symp. on Satellite Navigation Technology & Applications. Brisbane, Australia, 20-23 July.
• TSUJII T., HARIGAE M., BARNES J., WANG J. & RIZOS C. 2002. A Preliminary Test of the Pseudolite-Based Inverted GPS Positioning in Kinematic Mode. 2nd Symp. on Geodesy for Geotechnical & Structural Applications. Berlin, Germany, 21-24 May, 442-451.
• WANG J. 2002. Pseudolite Applications in Positioning and Navigation: Progress and Problems. Journal of Global Positioning Systems, 1,1: 48-56.
• WANG J., DAI L., TSUJII T., RIZOS C., GREJNER-BRZEZINSKA D. & TOTH C.K. 2001a. GPS/INS/Pseudolite integration: Concepts, simulation and testing. Proceedings of US Institute of Navigation GPS-2001, Salt Lake City, Utah, 11-14 September, 2708-2715.
• WANG J., TSUJII T., RIZOS C., DAI L. & MOORE M. 2001b. GPS and pseudo-satellites integration for precise positioning. Geomatics Research Australasia, 74:103-117.
• WANG J., TSUJII T., RIZOS C., DAI L. & MOORE M. 2000. Integrating GPS and pseudolite signals for position and attitude determination: Theoretical analysis and experiment results. 13th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION-2000. Salt Lake City, Utah, 19-22 September, 2252-2262.
• WEISER M. 1998. Development of a carrier and C/A-code based pseudolite system. 11th Int. Tech. Meeting of the Satellite Division of the U.S. Inst. of Navigation GPS ION-98, Nashville, Tennessee, 15-18 September, 1465-1475.
• ZIMMERMAN K.R., COHEN C.E., LAWRENCE D.G., MONTGOMERY P.Y., COBB H.S., MELTO W.C. 2000. Multi-frequency pseudolites for instantenous carrier ambiguity resolution. Proceedings of US Institute of Navigation GPS-2000, Salt Lake City, Utah, 19-22 Sept., 1024-1030.