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Non-esterified plant oils in diesel engines: effects of fueling system and operating parameters on combustion, emissions, and degradation of engine lubricating oil

Autorzy
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Konferencja
Euro Oil & Fuel 2010: biokomponenty w paliwach do silników Diesla - wpływ na emisję i starzenie oleju silnikowego
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Vegetable oils are used not only for the production of biodiesel, but are also combusted directly in diesel engines, in their non-transesterified form. Typically, such engines are equipped with a dual-fuel system, where the engine is started and warmed up on diesel fuel, operated on heated vegetable oil, and switched back to diesel fuel prior to shutdown. Extensive experimental work by the authors in Europe and North America suggests a strong mutual correlation among the effects on the combustion, exhaust emissions, penetration of fuel into engine lubricating oil and formation of deposits within the engine and the exhaust system. The effects are highly non-linear, with undesirable effects typically associated with sustained low loads and low fuel temperatures. Many adverse effects are also associated with unsatisfactory design or installation of the dual-fuel system and poor fuel quality. The findings correlate well with published diverse and often mutually contradictory data and observations. The work suggests that there is no universal answer to the question whether or not to use non-transesterified plant oils can or should be used as diesel engine fuel: rather, the answer is specific to the parameters and qualities of a given engine and fuel, fueling system, and also to the operating patterns of the engine.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
84--93
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., tab.
Twórcy
  • Department of Vehicles and Engines, Technical University of Liberec, Czech Republic
Bibliografia
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  • 4) Knothe G.: Historical perspectives on vegetabie oil-based fuels. Inform, vol. 12, no. 11, 2001, p.1103, 2001.
  • 5) Elsbett G., Bialkowsky M.: Engines running on pure vegetable oil as regrowing fuel: History, Development, Experience, Chances. Proceedings of the Shanghai International Symposium on LC. Engine, 2003.
  • 6) Ramadhas A.S., Jayaraj S., Muraleedharan C.: Use of vegetable oils as LC. engine fuels - A review. Renewable Energy 29, 727-742, 2004.
  • 7) Knothe G., Dunn R.O., Bagby M.O.: Biodiesel: The Use of Vegetable Oils and Their Derivatives as Alternative Diesel Fuels. In: Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1997. Online at http://www.biodiesel.org/reports/GEN-162.doc.
  • 8) Labeckas G., Slavinskas S.: Performance of direct-injection off-road diesel engine on rapeseed oil. Renewable Energy, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 849-863, 2006.
  • 9) Bari S., Lim T.H., Yu C.W.: Effects of preheating of crude palm oil (CPO) on injection system, performance and emission of a diesel engine. Renewable Energy, 27, 339-351, 2002.
  • 10) Compilation of information at the Biofuels library, online at http://www.journeytoforever.org/biofuel_library.html
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  • 12) Lauer P.: New findings on PM emission and composition for medium speed 4-stroke marine Diesel engines operating on Bio-Fuel. Proceedings of the 10th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles, Zurich, Switzerland, August 2006.
  • 13) Coelho S.T., et al.: The Use of Palm Oil for Electricity Generation in the Amazon Region. RIO 5— World Climate & Energy Event, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15-17 February 2005.
  • 14) Ammerer A., Rathbauer J., Worgetter M.: Rapeseed Oil as Fuel for Farm Tractors. Prepared by BLT Wieselburg, Austria, for IEA Bioenergy Task 39, Subtask “Biodiesel”, 2003.
  • 15) EMA 2006: Use of Raw Vegetable Oil or Animal Fats in Diesel Engines. Engine Manufacturers Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2006.
  • 16) Hawkins C.S., Fuls J., Hugo F.J.C.: Engine Durability Tests with Sunflower Oil in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine. SAE Paper 831357 Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, USA, 1983.
  • 17) Jones S., Peterson C.L.: Using Unmodified Vegetable Oils as a Diesel Fuel Extender — A Literature Review. University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA, 2002.
  • 18) Adams C.; Peters J.F, Rand M.C., Schroer B.J, Ziemke M.C.: Investigation of Soybean Oil as a Diesel Fuel Extender: Endurance Tests. Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol. 60, no. 8, 1574-1579, 1983.
  • 19) De Almeina S.C.A., et al.: Performance of a diesel generator fuelled with palm oil. Fuel 81, pp. 2097-2102, 2002.
  • 20) Rewolinski C., Shaffer D.L.: Sunflower Oil Diesel Fuel: Lubrication System Contamination. Journal of the American Oil Chemist Society, vol. 62, no. 7, 1120-1124, 1985.
  • 21) Hlavenka T., Agroenergie, Mikulov, Czech Republic, unpublished data from experiments with the utilization of vegetable oils in tractors on a farm.
  • 22) Machacon H.T.C., Shiga S., Karasawa T., Nakamura, H.: Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with coconut oil-diesel fuel blend. Biomass and Bioenergy, 20, 63-69, 2001.
  • 23) Pugazhvadivu, M.; Jeyachandran, K.: Investigations on the performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using preheated waste frying oil as fuel. Renewable Energy, 30, 2189-2202, 2005.
  • 24) Krahl, J., et al.: Utilization of rapeseed oil, rapeseed oil methyl ester or diesel fuel: Exhaust gas emissions and estimation of environmental effects. SAE Technical paper 962096, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrensdale, Pennsylvania, USA, 1996.
  • 25) Lance, D.; Andersson, J.: Emissions Performance of Pure Vegetable Oil in Two European Light Duty Vehicles. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrensdale, Pennsylvania, USA, paper no. 2004-01-1881, 2004.
  • 26) Vojtisek-Lom, M.: Time-resolved Emissions Characteristics of Modern Passenger Vehicle Diesel Engines Powered by Heated Vegetable Oil. SAE Technical Paper 2007-24-0129. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrensdale, Pennsylvania, USA, 2007.
  • 27) Bernardo A., et al.: Camelina oil as a fuel for diesel transport engines. Industrial Crops and Products, 17, 191-197,2003.
  • 28) Dorn, B.; Zahoransky, R.: Non-Esterified Plant Oils as Fuel — Engine Characteristics, Emissions Behaviour and Health Impact of PM. 13th Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles, Zurich, Switzerland, 2009.
  • 29) Vojtisek-Lom M., Blazek J., Dufek M., Fenkl M.: Investigation of Combustion Rates and Injection and Ignition Onset of Heated Rapeseed Oil in Direct-Injection Turbodiesel Engines. SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1914. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrensdale, PA, USA, 2009.
  • 30) Altun S., Bulut H., Oner C.: The comparison of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of sesame oil-diesel fuel mixture with diesel fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Renewable Energy, vol. 33, no. 8, 1791-1795, 2008.
  • 31) Nwafor O.M.I.: Emission characteristics of diesel engine running on vegetable oil with elevated fuel inlet temperature. Biomass and Bioenergy, 27, 507-511, 2004.
  • 32) Vojtisek-Lom M., Pechout M., Blazek J., Moc L., Hlavenka T.: Effects of Current and Prior Operating Conditions on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Diesel Engine Operated on Heated Rapeseed Oil. SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-1913. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrensdale, PA, USA, 2009.
  • 33) Blazek J., Vojtisek-Lom M.: Experimental Investigation Of The Combustion Of Vegetable Oils In Diesel Engine At Low Engine Loads. In: 33rd International Scientific Congress on Powertrain and Transport Means European KONES 2007. Polska Akademia Nauk, Warsaw, Poland, 9-12 September 2007. Journal of KONES, ISSN 1231-4005, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 361-372, 2007.
  • 34) Vojtisek M., Barbolla A., Stary P., Holubec R.: Combustion of unesterified plant oils in diesel engines and emissions: Effects of fuel temperature and co-firing with small amounts of hydrogen, ethanol and diesel fuel. Proceedings of the Motor Fuels 2010, Tatranske Matliare, Slovakia, 14-17.06.2010.
  • 35) Knothe G.: Some aspects of biodiesel oxidative stability. Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 7, s. 669-677, 2007.
  • 36) McCormick R.L., Ratcliff M., Moens L., Lawrence R.: Several factors affecting the stability of biodiesel in standard accelerated tests. Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 651-657, 2007.
  • 37) Vojtisek-Lom M.: On the fate of uncombusted vegetable oil in a diesel engine. 14th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles, Zurich, Switzerland, 02~4.08.2010. ISBN 978-3-033-02531-8.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-AGHM-0055-0006
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