Zagadnienia hydrokonwersji olejów roślinnych i tłuszczów zwierzęcych do węglowodorowych bio-komponentów parafinowych (HVO)

• Autorzy: Jęczmionek Ł.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The subjects of natural oils and fats hydroconversion into HVO bio-components

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Niniejsza książka dotyczy biokomponentów HVO (ang.: Hydrotreating of Vegetable Oils), ich właściwości, technologii produkcji. W pierwszej części zebrano możliwie kompletne informacje na temat biokomponentów HVO dostępne w publikacjach, książkach i patentach. W drugiej części przedstawiono natomiast wyniki autorskich prac prowadzonych w Instytucie Nafty i Gazu w Krakowie, dotyczące tych biokomponentów. Rozwój produkcji biokomponentów HVO jest w Europie uzależniony od kilku czynników. Biokomponenty HVO są uznawane za doskonałe paliwo dieslowskie. Przepisy Unii Europejskiej predestynują biokomponenty HVO do spełnienia zapisów Dyrektywy 2009/30/EC w zakresie biopaliw. Produkcja biokomponentów HVO jest stosunkowo nową technologią. Duże firmy zajmujące się produkcją paliw współzawodniczą w zakresie opracowania nowych procesów technologicznych otrzymywania biokomponentów HVO oraz ich implementacji. Można tu wymienić takie kompanie jak Neste Oil, Honeywell UOP, Axens IFP, Syntroleum. Wyróżnia się dwie odmiany procesu produkcji biokomponentów HVO: pierwsza to hydrokonwersja samych (100%) olejów roślinnych i/lub tłuszczów zwierzęcych, a druga to tzw. co-processing, czyli hydrokonwersja olejów roślinnych i/lub tłuszczów zwierzęcych w mieszaninie z frakcjami naftowymi. Należy tutaj zaznaczyć, iż według regulacji EU preferowany jest pierwszy wariant produkcji. W praktyce oznacza to, że ulgi podatkowe związane z produkcją biokomponentów mogą być stosowane tylko dla czystych frakcji, bez żadnych domieszek. Tak więc nie obejmuje ona biokomponentu HVO uzyskanego w wyniku co-processingu. Taka sytuacja nie jest korzystna dla niektórych rafinerii, które mogłyby produkować biokomponenty HVO w wariancie co-processingu w oparciu o istniejące już instalacje. Sytuacja taka jest z kolei korzystna dla dużych kompanii, które oferują swoje nowe procesy technologiczne w miejsce istniejących instalacji. W Instytucie Nafty i Gazu w Krakowie prowadzono prace dotyczące biokomponentów HVO w następujących obszarach: efekt cieplny związany z hydrokonwersją triglicerydów w zależności od ścieżek reakcyjnych, zależność parametrów procesowych (ciśnienie, LHSV, temperatura, stosunek wodór/surowiec) na mechanizmy reakcji, możliwość stosowania różnych surowców, w tym odpadowych olejów naturalnych, poprawa właściwości produktów ciekłych hydrokonwersji, np. niskotemperaturowych. Wyniki tych prac zamieszczono w niniejszej książce.

EN

This book deals with the bio-components HVO (Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil), their properties, technology and manufacturing. In the first part near complete information as possible on bio-components HVO available in publications, books, and patents was collected. The second part presents the results of authorial work carried out at the Institute of Oil and Gas in Krakow, pertaining to HVO. Development of production of bio-components HVO in Europe is dependent on several factors. Bio-components HVO are considered excellent diesel fuel. European Union regulations predestine bio-components HVO to meet the provisions of Directive 2009/30/EC in the field of bio-fuels. Production of bio-components HVO is a relatively new technology. Large companies engaged in the production of fuels compete in the development of new manufacturing processes to obtain bio-components HVO as well as their implementation. They include companies such as Neste Oil, Honeywell UOP, Axens IFP, Syntroleum. There are two process variations of the production of bio-components HVO. First, hydroconversion of pure (100%), vegetable oils and/or animal fats. The second, so-called co-processing that is hydroconversion of vegetable oils and/or animal fats in a mixture of petroleum fractions. It should be noted that according to the EU regulations of production the first variant is preferred. In practice, this means that the tax relief associated with the production of bio-components can be applied only to pure fractions, without any additives. So, it does not include bio-component HVO resulting from co-processing. This situation is not favorable for some refineries that could produce bio-components HVO using the co-processing variant on the basis of existing installations. This situation is in turn beneficial for large companies, which offer their new technological processes in place of the existing system. In the Oil and Gas Institute in Krakow, carried out works on bio-components HVO in the following areas: the heating effect associated with the hydroconversion of triglyceride depending on the reaction path, the dependence of process parameters (pressure, LHSV, temperature, the ratio of hydrogen/feed ratio) on the reaction mechanism. Possibility of utilization of various sources of triglicerides e.g. waste natural oils, and improvement of some properties e.g. low-temperature properties via original technologies. The results of the work are presented in this book.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

hydrokonwersja; oleje roślinne; węglowodorowe bio-komponenty parafinowe

EN

natural oils; hydroconversion; biocomponents

• Wydawca: Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: nr 185
• Strony: 1--308
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 279 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Jęczmionek Ł.

• Instytut Nafty i Gazu, Kraków

Bibliografia

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