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Warianty tytułu
Environmental markers of Badenian Ca-sulphate rocks in the Carpathian Foredeep
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Skały siarczanowe (gipsy i anhydryty) mogą tworzyć się w bardzo zróżnicowanych środowiskach depozycyjnych i diagenetycznych od subaeralnych do subakwalnyh (płytko- i głębokowodnych), w warunkach powierzchniowych lub pogrzebania. Rozpoznanie tych środowisk w starszych osadach siarczanowych jest możliwe na podstawie wskaźników środowiskowych, tj. ich cech sedymentacyjnych (np. laminacja, struktury prądowe, struktury mikrobialne, powierzchnie rozpuszczania i erozji, struktury krystaliczne, gruzły siarczanowe), mineralogiczno-petrograficznych (skład mineralogiczny, paragenezy mineralne, mikrostruktura) i geochemicznych (np. pierwiastki główne i śladowe, izotopy siarki, tlenu i strontu). Wyniki badań sedymentologicznych, petrograficznych i geochemicznych badeńskich skał siarczanowych z rdzeni otworów wiertniczych, zlokalizowanych w różnych obszarach zapadliska przedkarpackiego, wskazują na zróżnicowane warunki sedymentacji w zbiorniku ewaporacyjnym przedpola Karpat. Warunki te, zrekonstruowane na podstawie wskaźników środowiskowych osadów i analogii facjalnych do dobrze rozpoznanych współczesnych i kopalnych środowisk ewaporacyjnych, reprezentują główne systemy depozycyjne (subaeralne, płytko- i głębokowodne) basenu saliny. Osady powstałe w tych środowiskach uległy po depozycji przeobrażeniom i przeszły różną ewolucję diagenetyczną w warunkach zarówno płytkiego, jak i głębokiego pogrzebania. W peryferyjnej części basenu tworzyły się głównie litofacje selenitowe i mikrobialne, następnie poddane przemianie diagenetycznej (anhydrytyzacji) w warunkach syndepozycyjnych i wczesnodiagenetycznych. Anhydryty laminowane i brekcje to głębokowodne, redeponowane osady klastyczne, pierwotnie gipsowe, poddane anhydrytyzacji w warunkach wgłębnych w różnych stadiach diagenezy. Charakter osadów w spągowej części sukcesji basenowych, ich cechy sedymentacyjno-petrograficzne i skład izotopowy wskazują na euksyniczne warunki depozycji w środkowej części basenu. Wskaźniki środowiskowe skał siarczanowych świadczą o wyraźnym zróżnicowaniu warunków depozycji w strefie peryferyjnej i środkowej basenu oraz sugerują duży udział wód niemorskiego pochodzenia w tworzeniu się tych utworów.
Ca-sulphate rocks (gypsum and anhydrite) form in a wide-range of environmental settings from marginal (subaerial and very shallow subaqueous) through shallow to deep subaqueous, at the subsurface and in burial. Based on modern analogues, environmental markers: (i) sedimentary (e.g., lamination, current marks, mikrobial structures, dissolution and erosion surfaces, crystalline structures, sulphate nodules), (ii) petrographic and mineralogical (mineral composition and paragenesis, fabrics), and (iii) geochemical (e.g, major and minor elemental composition, isotopic composition of sulphur, oxygen and strontium) provide useful information an the depositional and diagenetic environment for the ancient sulphate deposits. The results of the complex sedimentological, pettrographic and geochemical studies of Badenian sulphate deposits from different parts of the Capathian Foredeep basin indicate distinct sedimentary conditions, which represent the main depositional systems (subaerial, shallow and deep subaqueous) of the salina basin. Gypsum deposits formed in these settings underwent a particular pathways of diagenetic evolution and an alteration into anhydrite. In the marginal settings selenite and microbial faciesi formed, that underwent synsedimentary and early-diagenetic anhydritization (via nodule formation) at the surface. In deeper, central parts of the basin mainly clastic gypsum deposits formed. Laminated anhydrite and breccias are deep-water, redeposited clastic deposits (originally gypsum), that were transformed into anhydrite under burial in different stages of diagenesius. In the basin centre anhydrite shows features characteristic of basinal facies formed in euxynic conditions. The results suggest the different depositional and diagenetic regimes between the basin margin and central part, and large non-marine (riverine, groundwater) inputs to the basin during sulphate formation.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
71--97
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 128 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Oddział Świętokrzyski, ul. Zgoda 21, 25-953 Kielce
Bibliografia
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