Możliwości wykorzystania nanotechnologii w przemyśle naftowym i petrochemicznym

• Autorzy: Krasodomski M. , Krasodomski W. , Ziemiański L.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Possibilities of nano-technologies implementation in the petroleum and petrochemical industries

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W pracy omówiono w skrócie historię rozwoju badań cząstek o rozmiarach od 1 do 100 nm, umownie wchodzących w zakres nanotechnologii. Wskazano, że podstawą wielu niezwykłych właściwości tych substancji są efekty kwantowe, których oddziaływanie jest wzmacniane przez odpowiednie uporządkowanie materiału atomowego. Na podstawie analizy doniesień literaturowych omówiono kierunki rozwoju nanotechnologii, stwierdzając, że obecnie największe zainteresowanie technikami operacji w obszarze nano wykazują firmy produkujące pamięci elektroniczne i procesory, ponieważ techniki manipulacji atomami pozwalają wytworzyć urządzenia o znacznie większych możliwościach obliczeniowych. Drugą dziedziną wykorzystującą raczej mechaniczne cechy nanocząstek i ich kompozytów jest tworzenie nowych materiałów konstrukcyjnych. Znaczący rozwój obserwuje się w badaniach związanych z biologią i medycyną, w których możliwość badania reakcji komórek na różne czynniki, również w środowisku ciekłym, otworzyła możliwości badania, czy tworzenia nowych leków i poznania ich oddziaływania na materiał komórkowy. Przykładem może tu być wykorzystanie nanocząsteczek srebra jako silnego i trwałego biocydu. Badania w obszarze produktów naftowych są stosunkowo mało rozwinięte i wykorzystywane są głównie utylitarnie. Przykładowo, wpływ nanocząstek na przewodnictwo cieplne wykorzystano przy produkcji cieczy chłodzących - nanofluidów, obniżanie współczynnika tarcia przez nanocząsteczki boru umożliwiło uzyskanie proekologicznych dodatków do olejów smarowych, zastępujących toksyczne produkty zawierające fosfor i siarkę, zwiększanie przewodnictwa elektrycznego cieczy węglowodorowych przez nanorurki węglowe zabezpiecza benzynę przed możliwością zapłonu przez wyładowanie ładunku statycznego. Przeprowadzone rozeznanie wskazuje, że pole badawcze w zakresie wykorzystania nanoproduktów w przemyśle naftowym oraz w procesach wytwarzania paliw alternatywnych jest perspektywiczne. Istnieją możliwości połączenia wiedzy Instytutu z możliwościami jakie oferuje nanotechnologia w zakresie badań dodatków, katalizy, czy modyfikacji asfaltów. Na obecnym etapie najbardziej celowe wydaje się zbadanie przydatności obecnych na rynku nanoproduktów do poprawy, czy modyfikacji właściwości produktów naftowych. Dodatkowo omówiono metody stosowane w badaniach nanocząsteczek i powierzchni w nano skali, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem techniki mikroskopii sił atomowych. Dotychczas nie natrafiono na publikacje dotyczące badań podstawowych z zakresu związanego ze strukturą składników rop naftowych, czy produktów jej przerobu, a opatentowane sposoby wykorzystania substancji nanostrukturalnych w tym obszarze są stosunkowo nieliczne. Omówiono również zagrożenia, jakie może nieść ze sobą ten typ nowych materiałów.

EN

The short R&D development history of 1 up to 100 nm particles (nano-particles), generally included in nano-technology range, had been discussed. It had been pointed out that the unusual properties of nano-particles and their products are caused by quantum effects, stimulated by the atomic structure arrangement. Based on the analysis of scientific and technical publications the development trends of nano-technologies had been presented, and it was clearly pointed out that the companies manufacturing electronic memories and processors are most interested in nanotechnologies, as methods of atom manipulation, allow considerable increase of memory capacity and transistors packing in processors, increasing greatly computing capabilities. The second main application field are new construction materials, where unusual mechanical properties of nano-particulates, especially in mixtures with other materials - so called composites, are of importance. Third are applications in biology and medicine, where the possibilities of surface reaction investigation, e.g. cellular membranes reactions on different factors, additionally in liquid phase - biosphere of many living organism. New medicines had been developed and other agents, e.g. biocides (silver nano-particulates). The application of nano-particles in petroleum and petrochemical industry are rather limited. But the potential seems to be promising. The influence of nano-particles on thermal conductivity was used to improve properties of cooling liquids - nano-fluids; reduction of friction coefficient by boron nano-particles allowed production of environmental friendly oil additives, without toxic components as phosphorus and sulfur compounds. Increase of electric conductivity of hydrocarbon liquids by addition of carbon nano-tubes is very promising in many applications especially in preventing explosions caused by static electricity. Some publication pointed out the possibility of hydrocarbon fuel properties improvement by addition of carbon nano-particles. The INiG experience and nano-technologies create perspectives for new R&D space. As the first step should be recommended the application tests of nano-products, present on the market, targeting the improvement of petroleum products properties. The negative aspects of nano-particulates applications had also been discussed, based on extensive literature analysis. The modern techniques, as atomic forces microscopy technique seems to be very promising for the investigations of un-conducting substances dispersed in hydrocarbons. The number of publications and patent applications ref. to basic problems related to nano-particles applied in hydrocarbon products are limited what creates the challenge.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

nanotechnologia; przemysł naftowy; przemysł petrochemiczny

EN

nanotechnology; petroleum industry; petrochemical industry

• Wydawca: Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Prace Instytutu Nafty i Gazu
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: nr 156
• Strony: 1--92
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 194 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Krasodomski M.

autor

Krasodomski W.

autor

Ziemiański L.

• Instytut Nafty i Gazu

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