Wiek i geneza rud Fe-Ti-V i skał towarzyszących w Suwalskim masywie anortozytowym (północno-wschodnia Polska)

• Autorzy: Wiszniewska J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Age and the genesis of Fe-Ti-V ores and related rocks in the Suwałki Anorthosite Massif (northeastern Poland)

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Suwalski masyw anortozytowy wraz ze skałami osłony należy do powszechnie występującej na świecie facji skał magmowych typu AMCG (anortozyty-mangeryty-czarnokity-granity), związanych ze strefami głębokich rozłamów w skorupie proterozoicznej. W ostatnich latach, dzięki intensywnym badaniom w ramach międzynarodowych programów badawczych, np. IGCP-290, NATO, EUROBRIDGE-EUROPROBE, przeprowadzono w różnych ośrodkach na świecie (głównie w Kanadzie, USA i w Belgii) wiele nowych badań i eksperymentów laboratoryjnych, które poszerzyły wiedzę dotyczącą genezy i ewolucji anortozytów masywowych i skał z nimi związanych. Możliwość wykorzystania nowoczesnych, wyspecjalizowanych technik badawczych, geochemicznych (XRF, ICP MS i analiz w mikroobszarze), katodoluminescencji, metod geochronologicznych Re-Os i U-Pb oraz stosunków izotopowych 186Os/187Os, 143Nd/186144Nd i 86Sr/87Sr, pozwoliło również na weryfikację istniejących poglądów dotyczących genezy anortozytowej intruzji suwalskiej. Zastosowany do datowań siarczków i tlenków kruszcowych, rozproszonych w anortozytach i norytach, chronometr Re-Os pozwolił na określenie nie tylko wieku mineralizacji kruszcowej Fe-Ti-V, lecz pośrednio także wieku intruzji. Było to pierwsze w świecie zastosowanie metody Re-Os do datowań anortozytów masywowych. Wiek izochronowy dla rud z rejonu Krzemianka i Jezioro Okrągłe wynosi 1559-37 mln lat, a dla rud z Udrynia 1556-94 mln lat. Uzyskane stosunki izotopowe 186Os/187Os (1,16-0,06 mln lat dla złoża Krzemianka i 0,87-0,20 mln lat dla złoża Udryń) oraz Nd (-2,5 do -5,3) wskazują na dolnoskorupowe pochodzenie magmy macierzystej dla anortozytów. Prawdopodobnym protolitem dla anortozytów były skały o składzie gabronorytów przetapiane na głębokości odpowiadającej ciśnieniom 10-13 kbar oraz temperaturom ok. 1300 stopni Celsjusza. Badania geochemiczne i mikroskopowe jotunitów (monzodiorytów hiperstenowych) z masywów Suwałk i Sejn oraz obserwacje deformacji fenokryształów plagioklazów i piroksenów w anortozytach wskazują, że magma macierzysta przemieszczała się ku powierzchni w stanie zawiesiny plagioklazów i piroksenów. Umiejscowienie półplastycznego diapiru plagioklazowego odbywało się w warunkach ciśnień ok. 3-5 kbar. Mineralizacja rudna Fe-Ti-V została skoncentrowana w strefach brzeżnych masywu (złoże Krzemianka, Jezioro Okrągłe i Jeleniewo) w wyniku procesów granulacji i poligenizacji anortozytów z centralnych części masywu i wciskania plastycznej substancji rudnej w strefy spękań tektonicznych (złoże Udryń). Wyniki badań izotopów stabilnych rho34S i rho13C wskazują na magmową genezę siarczków: pirotynu, pentlandytu i chalkopirytu oraz grafitu. Piryt natomiast jest typowym minerałem wtórnym, pochodzenia hydrotermalnego. Wartości rho18O dla próbek całych skał oraz magnetytu i plagioklazu świadczą o braku wpływu procesów metamorficznych na skały i minerały z intruzji suwalskiej.

EN

Suwałki Anorthosite Massif (SAM) and associated rocks belong to the widespread, magmatic AMCG suite (anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite "rapakivi"), related to Proterozoic deep crustal structures. Due to intensive research work (mainly in Canada, Belgium and the USA), carried out within international scientific programs e.g. IGCP-290, NATO, EUROBRIDGE-EUROPROBE, a large number of the new laboratory experiments and investigations has been performed in the recent years. This research constrained the geological and petrological evolution model of massif-type anorthosites which occur in Proterozoic rocks worldwide. Availability of modern, sophisticated research techniques, such as geochemical ones (XRF, ICP MS, and microprobe analyses), cathodoluminescence, geochronological Re-Os, U-Pb methods and application of osmium, neodymium and strontium initial isotope ratios, let us better understand the origin and verify existing genetical concepts concerning the Suwałki Anorthosite Massif. Application of a new Re-Os chronometer for direct dating of sulphides and ore-oxides, dispersed in the Suwałki anorthosites and norites, resulted in precise age determination for the Fe-Ti-V ores and Fe-Cu-Co-Ni sulphide mineralisation, as well as dating indirectly the age of the SAM. It was the first use of the Re-Os radiogenic method to anorthosite dating in the world. The isochrone age of the Krzemianka and Jezioro Okrągłe ores is 1559-37 Ma and for Udryń ores yields 1556-94 Ma. The obtained initial isotope 186Os/187Os ratios (1.16-0.06 Ma for Krzemianka and 0.87-0.20 Ma for Udryń) and Nd (-2.5 to -5.3) indicate lower crustal source of the parental Suwałki anorthosite magma. The gabbro-norite composition of rocks, remelted at the depth interval corresponding to 10-13 kbars of pressure and ca. 1300 degrees of Celsius, are believed to be the most probable protholith for anorthosites. The geochemical and microscope investigations of jotunites (hyperstene monzodiorites) from the Suwałki and Sejny massifs and observed plagioclase and pyroxene phenocrysts deformations in medium-grained anorthosite matrix highlight that parental magma was channeled to the surface as a plagioclase crystal mush, lubricated by a minor amount of interstitial liquids. Diapiric emplacement of plagioclase mushes on the final level took place in pressure conditions of ca. 3-5 kbars. Fe-Ti-V ore mineralization was concentrated in the marginal parts of the massif (Krzemianka, Jezioro Okrągłe and Jeleniewo ore fields), as a result of granulation and polygenization processes of anorthosites from the central part of the massif, as well as filter-pressing and squeezing out the ore-minerals` mush into the tectonic cracks and faults. The stable isotope rho34S and rho13C results confirm magmatic origin of sulphides: pyrrhotite, pentlandite, chalcopyrite and graphite. On the contrary, pyrite is a typical secondary mineral of the hydrothermal provenance. The low rho18O value for the whole rock samples, magnetite and plagioclase provides an evidence for normal magmatic origin and lack of metamorphic overprints in the Suwałki intrusion.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

rudy Fe-Ti-V; siarczki Fe-Cu-Co-Ni; metody radiometryczne Re-Os, U-Pb; stosunki izotopowe Sr, Nd, Os; izotopy stabilne; jotunity; anortozyty masywowe; kompleksy AMCG; suwalski masyw anortozytowy (SMA)

EN

Fe-Ti-V ores; Fe-Cu-Co-Ni sulphides; Re-Os and U-Pb radiometric methods; Sr, Nd and Os isotope ratios; stable isotopes; jotunites; massif-type anorthosites; AMCG complexes; Suwałki Anorthosite Massif (SAM)

• Wydawca: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: nr 401
• Strony: 114--114
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 191 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Wiszniewska J.

• Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa

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