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Warianty tytułu
Warunki krystalizacji żeliwa szarego i białego. Część I - Analiza teoretyczna
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The present work is based on a heat balance during the solidification of cast iron. Accordingly, an analytical expression was derived to relate the chilling tendency (CT) of cast iron with nucleation and growth processes associated with eutectic graphite and cementite constituents. A relationship is found between the CT and factors such as the physical-chemical state of liquid, the distribution of nucleation sites, and the density of nucleation sites for eutectic grains. In particular, it is found that the casting modulus (M), enabling determinations of minimum wall thickness for chilled castings or chill widths in wedge shaped castings can be related to the CT. Finally, the present work provides a rationatization for the effect of technological factors such as the chemistry of the melt, inoculation practice, holding temperature and time on the resultant CT and chill of the cast iron.
Na podstawie bilansu ciepła podczas krystalizacji żeliwa wyprowadzono równanie, które wiąże skłonność żeliwa do krystalizacji eutektyki cementytowej (skłonność do zabieleń CT) z procesem zarodkowania i wzrostu eutektyki grafitowej oraz cementytowej. Znaleziono zależność pomiędzy CT i takimi czynnikami, jak fizykochemiczny stan ciekłego metalu, rozkład i gęstość miejsc do zarodkowania. W szczególności wykazano, że moduł odlewu M, przy którym krystalizuje eutektyka cementytowa i szerokość zabielenia klina, zależą od CT. Podano również wpływ czynników technologicznych, to jest składu chemicznego kąpieli, praktyki modyfikowania, a także czasu i temperatury wytrzymywania kąpieli na skłonność żeliwa do zabieleń CT oraz na zabielenia.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
13--35
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków
autor
- Faculty of Foundry Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, Reymonta 23, 30-059 Kraków
autor
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
Bibliografia
- [1] Boyes J. W., Fuller A.G.: Chill and Mottle formation in cast iron. BCIRA Journal, 12 (1964), 424
- [2] Fuller A.G.: Effect of superheating on chill and mottle formation. BCIRA Journal, 9 (1961), 693
- [3] Dawson J.V, Maitra S.: Recent research on the inoculation of cast iron. British Foundrymen, 4 (1957), 117
- [4] Kubick E.J., Javaid A., Bradley FJ.: Investigation on Effect C, Si, Mn, S and P on Solidification Characteristics and Chill Tendency of Gray Iron - Part II: Chill Tendency. AFS Transaction 103 (1997), 579
- [5] Oldfield W.: The chill-reducing mechanism of silicon in cast iron. BCIRA Journal, 10 (1962), 17
- [6] Girshovitz N: Solidification and properties of cast iron. Masinostroyene, Moscow-Leningrad, 1966 (in Russian)
- [7] Magnin P, Kurz W: Competitive Growth of Stable and Metastable Fe-C-X Eutectics: Part II. Mechanisms. Metallurgical Transactions, 19A (1988), 1965
- [8] Magnin P, Kurz W.: Transition from grey to white and to grey in Fe-C-X eutectic alloys. In: The physical metallurgy of cast iron, Fredrickson H., Hillert M. (Eds), North Holland, New York, 1985, 263
- [9] Nastac L., Stefanescu D.M.: Prediction of grey-to-white transition in cast iron by solidification modelling. AFS Transaction, 103 (1995), 329
- [10] Stefanescu D.M.: Science and Engineering of Casting Solidification, Kulwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, 2002
- [11] Nastac L., Stefanescu D.M.: Modelling of stable-to-metastable structural transition in cast iron. In: Physical Metallurgy of Cast Iron V, Lesoult G., Lacaze J. (Eds), Scitec Publications, Switzerland, 1997, 469
- [12] Magnin P., Kurz W.: An analytical model of irregular eutectic growth and its application to Fe-C. Acta Me-tallurgica, 35 (1987), 1119
- [13] Hillert M.: Some theoretical considerations in nucleation and growth during solidification of graphite and white cast irons. In: Recent Research on Cast Iron, Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Merchant H. (ed.), New York, 1968, 101
- [14] Tiller W.A.: Isothermal solidification of Fe-C and Fe-C-Si alloys. in: Recent Research on Cast Iron, Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Merchant H. (Ed.), New York, 1968, 129
- [15] Hillert M., Subba Rao VV: Grey and white solidification of cast iron. The Solidification of Metals. The Institute of Metals, London, 1968, No. 110, 204
- [16] Kolmogorov.: Izwiestija AN SSSR, USSR - Ser. Matemat., 3 (1937), 355
- [17] Kasuya T., Ichikawa K., Bhadeshia D.H.: Real and extended volumes in simulation transformations. Materials Science and Technology, 15 (1999), 471
- [18] Fras E., Wiencek K., Górny M., Lopez H.: Nucleation and grain density - a theoretical model and experimental verification. Archives of Metallurgy, 46 (2001), 317
- [19] Fras E., Górny M., Tartera J.: Nucleation and grain density - a theoretical model and experimental verification. International Journal of Cast Research, 16 (2003), 99
- [20] Merchant H.D.: Solidification of Cast Iron. In: Recent Research on Cast Iron, Gordon and Breach, Merchant H. (Eds), Science Publishers, New York, 1968, 1-100.
- [21] Oldfield W.: The solidification of hypo-eutectic grey cast iron. BCIRA Journal, 8 (1960), 177
- [22] Fras E., Lopez H., Podrzucki C.: The influence of oxygen on the inoculation process of cast iron. International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 13 (2000), 107
- [23] Fras E., Podrzucki C. : Inoculated cast iron. AGH Editor, Cracow, 1982, No. 675 (in Polish)
- [24] Fras E., Serano T, Bustos A.: Fundiciones de Hierro. ILAFA, Chile, 1990
- [25] Elliott E.: Cast Iron Technology. Butterworths, London, 1988
- [26] Lux B., Kurz W: Solidification of Metals. The Iron and Steel Institute, London, 1967, 193
- [27] Kubick E.J., Javaid A., Bradley FJ.: Investigation of effect of C, Si, Mn, S and P on solidification characteristic and chill tendency of gray iron-Part I: Thermal Analysis Results, AFS. Transactions, 105 (1997), 573
- [28] Fras E., Lopez H.: A theoretical analysis of the chilling susceptibility of hypoeutectic Fe-C alloys, Acta Metallurgica and Materialia, 41 (1993) 12, 3575
- [29] Chvorinov N.: Theorie der Erstarrung von Gusstucken. Die Giesserei, (1940) 27, 10
- [30] Longa W.: General theoretical background of the differential analysis of the casting cooling curves. Archives of Metallurgy, 28 (1983), 281
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-AGH2-0004-0030