Rare Earth Elements: A review and analysis of their multi-dimensional global importance

• Autorzy: Kamenopoulos S. N. , Agioutantis Z.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Pierwiastki ziem rzadkich: przegląd i analiza ich wielowymiarowego światowego znaczenia

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Global debates on mineral resources access, use and availability have gained a multi-dimension view the last years. The enormous economical and technological development of China, and other countries, leads to increased demand for critical raw materials such as Rare Earth Elements (REEs). The role of REEs is crucial to clean energy efficiency economy. It is for that reason that REEs are also called "Green Elements". The global production of REEs currently is monopolized by China. Both European Union and U.S. are almost 100% dependent on imports of REEs. The academic gap between Europe and U.S. from one side and China on the other side is growing, thus, turning China into a global dominant player. A recent geopolitical analysis stated: "The REEs are as strategic a commodity as crude oil or food, and will be for the rest of this century". The scope of this article is to provide an insight and make efforts to highlight the multi-dimensional global importance of REEs.

PL

Ogólnoświatowe debaty na temat dostępu i wykorzystania surowców mineralnych dały w ostatnich latach wielowymiarowe spojrzenie na to zagadnienie. Olbrzymi ekonomiczny i technologiczny postęp w Chinach oraz w innych krajach, prowadzi do zwiększenia popytu na ważne surowce, takie jak pierwiastki ziem rzadkich (REEs -Rare Earth Elements). REEs odgrywają kluczową rolę w gospodarce efektywnie bazującej na czystej energii. Z tego powodu REEs są często nazywane "Zielonymi pierwiastkami". Światowa produkcja REEs jest obecnie zmonopolizowana przez Chiny. Zarówno Unia Europejska, jak i Stany Zjednoczone są niemal w 100% zależne od importu REEs. Luka naukowa pomiędzy Europą i Stanami Zjednoczonymi z jednej strony a Chinami z drugiej rośnie, czyniąc tym samym Chiny dominującym światowym graczem. Ostatnie analizy geopolityczne stwierdzają, że: "REEs są tak strategicznym towarem jak ropa naftowa czy żywność i takim pozostaną do końca tego wieku". Artykuł ma umożliwić wgląd i uwypuklić wielowymiarowe światowe znaczenie REEs.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

rare earth elements (REE); geopolitics

PL

pierwiastki ziem rzadkich; geopolityka

• Wydawca: KGHM CUPRUM Spółka z o.o. Centrum Badawczo-Rozwojowe
• Czasopismo: Cuprum : czasopismo naukowo-techniczne górnictwa rud
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: nr 3
• Strony: 45--59
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Kamenopoulos S. N.

autor

Agioutantis Z.

• Technical University of Crete, Grecja

Bibliografia

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