Oxide layers on titanium obtained by anodizing in orthophosphoric acid

• Autorzy: Wilk M. , Klimek L.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0012.7803

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: Titanium is an essential material used in modern dentistry, mostly due to its tissue compatibility. However, there are another physicochemical assets, which can be harnessed. One of these is enhancing the bonding strength of titanium with another materials. In view of the advantageous effect of oxide layers on the bond with the ceramics, an attempt was made at creating oxide layers on samples of commercially pure titanium applied as the material for metal frameworks of prosthetic restorations. Design/methodology/approach: As the research material cylindrical wet grinded commercially pure titanium, Grade II samples were used. The samples were divided into three groups and underwent anodic oxidation in 1 M orthophosphoric acid, with the voltages: 120 V, 160 V, 200 V. After the anodizing process, the samples were subjected to the X-ray diffraction, analysis of the element distribution from the surface towards the inside of the materials using an optical spectrometer, finishing with the tests performed with a scanning microscope to determine the morphology of the obtained layers. Findings: Layers of 0.26 pm to 0.65 pm thick were achieved. The performed studies demonstrated that increasing reaction voltage contributes not only to thickening of the oxide layers but also influences to porosity. The layers obtained in the electrolyte which contained monomolar orthophosphoric acid consist of only one allotropic type of titanium oxide - anatase. The spectrometric tests showed that the content of titanium and oxygen in the layer is not constant, which proves that the formed layer does not have a strictly stoichiometric composition TiO2, but rather TiO2-x. Research limitations/implications: It is necessary to provide the optimal voltage directly related to the employed acid solution to preserve the usable thickness of oxide layers. Too thick (over 1 pm) coating may lead to exfoliating. Contrary, distinctly thin layers present fractures and decrements, accordingly do not veneer entire surface of titanium sample. Originality/value: Usually oxide layers obtained by anodic oxidation are examined paying special attention to tissue integration and usability in implantology. Following paper is focused on bonding titanium with dental ceramics to facilitate process of designing porcelain-fused-to-metal fixed dentures.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

metallic alloys; titanium; anodic oxidation; chemical bond

PL

stopy metali; tytan; utlenianie anodowe; wiązanie chemiczne

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 94, nr 1
• Strony: 11--17
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 12 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Wilk M.

• Department of Dental Techniques, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-231 Łódź, Poland

autor

Klimek L.

• Department of Dental Techniques, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pomorska 251, 92-231 Łódź, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] W. Holand, Biocompatible and bioactive glass- ceramics - state of the art and new directions, Journal of Non- Crystalline Solids 219 (1997) 192-197.
• [2] M. Łukomska-Szymańska, P.M. Brzeziński, A. Zieliński, J. Sokołowski, The connective tissue response to Ti, NiCr and AgPd alloys, Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica 48 (2010) 339-345.
• [3] M. Gołębiowski, A. Sobczyk-Guzenda, W. Szymański, L. Klimek, Influence of parameters of stream abrasive treatment of titanium surfaces on contact angle and surface free energy, Materials Engineering 31/4 (2010) 978-980 (in Polish).
• [4] R.R. Wang, K.K. Fung, Oxidation behavior of surface-modified titanium for titanium-ceramic restorations, The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 77/4 (1997) 423-434.
• [5] K. Banaszek, K. Pietnicki, L. Klimek, The influence of parameters of abrasive jet machining processing on the number of stubble elements stuck in nickel-chrome alloy surface, Materials Engineering 31/4 (2011) 312¬315 (in Polish).
• [6] E. Mick, J. Tinschert, A. Mitrovic, R. Bader, A Novel Technique for the Connection of Ceramic and Titanium Implant Components Using Glass Solder Bonding, Materials 8/7 (2015) 4287-4298.
• [7] R.R. Wang, G.E. Welsch, O. Monteiro, Silicon nitride coating on titanium to enable titanium-ceramic bonding, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 46/2 (1999) 262-270.
• [8] E. Krasicka-Cydzik, Forming thin anode layers on titanium and its implant alloys in a phosphoric acid environment, Monograph, UZ, Zielona Góra, 2003 (in Polish).
• [9] E. Krasicka-Cydzik, Anodic Layer Formation on Titanium and Its Alloys for Biomedical Applications, in: A.K.M. Nurul Amin (Ed.), Titanium Alloys. Towards Achieving Enhanced Properties for Diversified Applications, Chapter 8, InTech, Rijeka, 2012.
• [10] J. Deplancke, R. Winand, Galvanostatic anodization of titanum-I. Structures and compositions of the anodic films, Electrochimica Acta 33/11 (1988) 1539.
• [11] T. Sul, C. Johansson, Y. Jeong, T. Albrektsson, The electrochemical oxide growth behaviour on titanium in acid and alkaline electrolytes, Medical Engineering & Physics 23 (2001) 329-346.
• [12] H. Badekas, C. Panagopoulos, Titanum anodization under constant voltage conditions, Surface Coating Technology 31 (1987) 381.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).