Analysis of the impact of soil contamination by deltamethrin and heavy metals on wheat quality and yield

• Autorzy: Hasanaj Nazmi , Dreshaj Adem , Shala Nexhdet , Selimaj Afrim , Sadija Thelleza Latifi , Osmanaj Arben

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/200431

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The presence of pesticides in wheat is a problem closely related to the use of these substances to control pests (insects, diseases and weeds) during wheat production. The aim of the study is the presence (concentration) of pesticides including Deltamethrin which are used to ensure high yield and to protect crops from pests, can reduce the quality and quantity of wheat. Heavy metals often reach agricultural lands through the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, while dust generated by vehicles and other activities can contribute to the deposition of these elements in the soil. Heavy metals are chemical elements with high density and are solid, including substances such as: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu). The study was conducted in the Dukugjin area, which has an area of 1562 km² and aims to assess the concentrations of heavy metals and pesticides in agricultural soils. The results of the study for wheat show that in some cases, the concentration values exceed the norm parameters. For example, the samples for the cadmium position (X1) have an average value of 0.061 mg·kg^-1, while for nickel the average value is 0.119 mg·kg^-1. For the samples for the position (X2), cadmium has an average value of 0.231 mg·kg^-1, while copper reaches an average value of 0.341 mg·kg^-1. In the analysis of agricultural soil, the concentration of nickel is relatively high, with an average value of 4.966 mg·kg^-1, while for samples (X2), the value reaches a much higher level of 8.553 mg·kg^-1. Regarding deltamethrin, in samples from position (X2).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

heavy metals; pesticides; wheat; food safety; concentrations; soil

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 26, nr 4
• Strony: 334--342
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Hasanaj Nazmi

• Faculty of Agribusiness, University of “Haxhi Zeka”, Rr. KLA. Peja, 30000, Kosovo

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5421-9698

autor

Dreshaj Adem

• Faculty of Tourism Management, Hotel and Environment, University of “Haxhi Zeka”, Rr. KLA. Peja, 30000, Kosovo

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9045-4270

autor

Shala Nexhdet

• Faculty of Agribusiness, University of “Haxhi Zeka”, Rr. KLA. Peja, 30000, Kosovo

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5404-2511

autor

Selimaj Afrim

• Faculty of Tourism Management, Hotel and Environment, University of “Haxhi Zeka”, Rr. KLA. Peja, 30000, Kosovo

autor

Sadija Thelleza Latifi

• Faculty of Tourism Management, Hotel and Environment, University of “Haxhi Zeka”, Rr. KLA. Peja, 30000, Kosovo

autor

Osmanaj Arben

• Kosovo Agricultural Institute, Prishtina-Peja, 10 000, Kosovo

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4117-1431

Bibliografia

• 1. Hoxha, I., Hoxha, B., Xhabiri, G., Shala, N., Dreshaj, A., Durmishi, N. (2023). The effect of the addition of pumpkin flour on the rheological, nutritional, quality, and sensory properties of bread. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 24(7), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/169879
• 2. Talha S., Akhssas A., Aarab A., Aabi A., Berkat B. (2025). Enhancing flash flood risk prediction: A case study from the Assaka watershed, Guelmim region, Southwestern Morocco. Ecological Engineering &Environmental Technology, 26(1): 8–28. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/195227
• 3. Gashi, B., Kuqi, B., Dreshaj, A. 2023. Environmental protection and improvement of water quality as a factor in the development of tourism in the Erenik River. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 24(3), 333–340. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/159081
• 4. Shala, N., Hoxha, I., Dreshaj, A., Sejfijaj, O. 2023. Research of some varieties of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare), EU Region, Redimenets in the Agroecological Conditions of Kosovo. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 24(3), 19–25. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/159486
• 5. Hariani P.L., Rachmat A., Hermansyah H., Yulianti E. (2025). Synthesis of NiO-doped Fe3O4/chitosan-PVA composites for tetracycline degradation under visible light irradiation. Ecological Engineering &Environmental Technology, 26(1): 292–304. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/196033
• 6. Shala, N., Dreshaj, A., Hoxha, I., Elshani, A., Kuqi, B., Delijaj, A. 2023. Analysis and influence of barley protein content for beer production in Kosovo. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 24(2), 146–152. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/156968
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• 8. Shala Abazi, A., Gashi, B., Hyseni Spahiu, M., Bytyci, P., Dreshaj, A. 2022. Analysis of the impact of ferronickel industrial activity on Drenica River Quality. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23(7), 312–322. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/150184
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• 12. Dreshaj, A., Shala, A., Hyseni, M., Millaku, B., Gashi, A. 2022. Analysis of the impact of industrial waste on river water quality towards using the dynamics of land quality. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23(4), 191–196. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/146676
• 13. Purwono P., Zaman B., Budihardjo M.A., Iqbal M.J. (2024). Acceleration process of food waste treatment and higher quality products with innovative rotary kiln composter. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(11): 44–57. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192172
• 14. Shala, N., Dreshaj, A., Hoxha, I., Sejfijaj, O., Millaku, B. (2023). The impact of climate conditions on the yield of some fall barley cultivars for the production of beer in the Kosovo plain. Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology, 24(2), 261–268. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/157537
• 15. Siaka I.M., Sudiarta I.W., Sahara E., Sastrawidana I.D.K., Maryam S. (2024). The adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies of Cu(II) and Cr(III) metal ions from aqueous solutions on activated biosorbent of coffee pulp waste. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(11): 190–199. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192550
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• 17. Hardyanti N., Zaman B., Anisa Pramesti I., Stanley William G., Purwono P. (2024). Integrated ozonefenton treatment – A breakthrough in pharmaceutical wastewater purification. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(11): 228–240. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192607
• 18. Dreshaj, A., Shala, N., Selimaj, A., Hoxha, I., Osmanaj, A. (2022). Water quality analysis, the content of minerals and heavy metals in the Drin I Bardh and Iber River. Ecological Engineering and Environmental Technology, 23(3), 130–137. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/147451
• 19. Agustina S., Karina S., Purnawan S., Ondara K., Samosir I., Nauri M.A. (2024). Numerical simulation and analysis of Marine Debris Distribution in Pulo Aceh Waters, Indonesia. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(11): 284–298. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192753
• 20. Kovaçi, I., Tahiri, A., Dreshaj, A., Kurtaj-Bajrami, B., Sabedini, H. (2023). Waste management as a measure to achieve sustainable development in Kosovo. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(12), 3965–3971. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.181227
• 21. Rahoui H., Ait Kessou H., Bejjaji Z., Chakiri S. (2024). Study of the physico-chemical parameters of surface water resources in the Oued Ansegmir watershed area (Morocco). Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(11): 179–189. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192592.
• 22. Dreshaj A., Millaku B., Gashi A., Eliza., Kuqi B. (2022). Concentration of toxic metals in agricultural land and wheat culture (Triticum Aestivum L.). Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23(2):18–24. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/144784.
• 23. Ghaib Z.G., Al-Murshedi K.R., Naje A.S. (2024). Hydraulic and sediment dynamics of the Euphrates River – evaluating scouring, sediment transport, and riverbank soil characteristics at the Shatt Al-Hilla Reach. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(11): 326–339. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192811
• 24. Dreshaj A., Millaku B., Abazi S.A., Gashi A. (2022). Soil pollution factors affecting the quality of crops (Solanum Tuberosum). Journal of Ecological Engineering, 23(3), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.12911/22998993/145469
• 25. Boughou N., Qoutbane A., Hadji M., Cherkaoui E., Khamar M., Nounah A. (2024). Treatment and valorization of slaughterhouse wastewater in agriculture. Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology, 25(11): 389–398. https://doi.org/10.12912/27197050/192976
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