Mineral composition of shales and the results of triaxial compression tests – a case study from the Ordovician and Silurian rocks of Poland

• Autorzy: Dohnalik M. , Kowalska S. , Mikołajewski Z. , Domonik A. , Tabor Z.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Skład mineralny łupków a wyniki testu trójosiowego ściskania – na przykładzie skał sylurskich i ordowickich z NE Polski

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Hydraulic fracturing is needed to extract hydrocarbons from shale rock formations. The efficiency of fracturing depends on many factors, but the mechanical properties of rocks are one of the most important of them. This paper presents the results of studies of the influence of the mineral composition of rocks on their mechanical properties. The investigated cores represent different formations from the Silurian-Ordovician basin from the polish part of the East–European Platform. X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods were used to establish the composition of the studied rocks, whereas the mechanical parameters were derived from triaxial compression tests. Correlation was conducted between the mineral composition and the mechanical parameters. The X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) method was used in order to visualize the structural changes in the rocks caused by triaxial compression. As a result of the research, a discussion on the influence of the rock matrix composition on its mechanical properties is presented.

PL

Szczelinowanie hydrauliczne jest niezbędnym zabiegiem w celu wydobywania węglowodorów z formacji skał łupkowych. Efektywność szczelinowania zależy od wielu czynników, między innymi od właściwości mechanicznych skał. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wpływem składu mineralnego skał na ich właściwości mechaniczne. Badane rdzenie reprezentują utwory syluru i ordowiku z polskiej części skłonu platformy wschodnioeuropejskiej. W celu określenia składu próbek wykorzystano metodę dyfraktometrii (XRD) i fluorescencji (XRF) rentgenowskiej, a parametry mechaniczne próbek skał uzyskano z wytrzymałościowych testów trójosiowego ściskania. W artykule opisano korelacje uzyskane pomiędzy składem mineralnym, a parametrami mechanicznymi. Dodatkowo wykorzystano metodę rentgenowskiej mikrotomografii komputerowej (micro-CT) w celu wizualizacji zmiany struktury próbek skał spowodowanej testem trójosiowego ściskania.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

shale gas; microtomography; brittleness; triaxial compression test

PL

gaz z łupków; mikrotomografia; kruchość; testy trójosiowe

• Wydawca: Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Nafta-Gaz
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: R. 71, nr 6
• Strony: 355--360
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 17 poz., fot., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Dohnalik M.

• Institute of Well Logging Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute ul. Lubicz 25A 31-503 Kraków

autor

Kowalska S.

• Department of Well Logging Oil and Gas Institute – National Research Institute ul. Lubicz 25A 31-503 Kraków

autor

Mikołajewski Z.

• Polish Oil and Gas Company/ Geology and Hydrocarbon Production Branch Project Department in Piła pl. Staszica 9, 64-920 Piła

autor

Domonik A.

• Department of Geomechanics Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw al. Żwirki i Wigury 93 02-089 Warszawa

autor

Tabor Z.

• Institute of Information and Communication Technology. Politechnika Krakowska /Cracow University of Technology/ ul. Warszawska 24, F-5 31-155 Kraków

Bibliografia

• [1] Fox A., Snelling P., McKenna J., Neale Ch., Neuhaus C., Miskimmins J.: Geomechanical Principles for Unconventional Reservoirs. 2013. https://www.microseismic.com/component/docman/doc_download/75-2013-geomechanical-principlesfor-unconventional-resources (access: June 2014).
• [2] Hallbauer D. K., Wagner H., Cook N. G. W.: Some observations concerning the microscopic and mechanical behaviour of quarzite specimens in stiff, triaxial compression tests. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences 1973, 10, pp. 713–726.
• [3] Islam Md. A., Skalle P.: An experimental investigation of shale mechanical properties through drained and undrained test mechanisms. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2013, vol. 46, pp. 1391–1413.
• [4] ISRM 2007. Suggested Methods for Determining the Uniaxial Compressive Strength and Deformability of Rock Materials [in:] The Complete ISRM Suggested Methods for Rock Characterization Testing and Monitoring: 1974–2006. Ed.: Ulusay R., Hudson J. A., pp. 137–140.
• [5] Jaeger J. C., Cook N. G. W., Zimmerman R. W.: Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics. 4th Ed., Blackwell Publishing 2007.
• [6] Jarvie D. M.: Unconventional shale resource plays: shale-gas and shale-oil. Opportunities. Fort Worth Business Press Meeting, June 19 2008. (shaledigest.com/documents/dan_jarvie.pdf) (access: May 2014).
• [7] Kowalska S.: Określanie ilościowego składu mineralnego skał zawierających minerały ilaste metodą Rietvelda. Nafta-Gaz 2013, nr 10, s. 887-893.
• [8] Nagel N. B., Garcia X., Lee B., Sanchez-Nagel M.: Hydraulic fracturing optimization for unconventional reservoirs – the critical role of the mechanical properties of the natural fracture network. Conference materials: SPE 161934 presented at the SPE Canadian Unconventional Resources Conference, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 30 October – 1 November, 2012.
• [9] Rietveld H. M.: A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. Journal of Applied Crystallography 1969, vol. 2, pp. 65–71.
• [10] Ross D. J. K., Bustin R. M.: Characterizing the shale gas resource potential of Devonian–Mississippian strata in the Western Canada sedimentary basin: Application of an integrated formation evaluation. AAPG Bulletin 2008, 92, pp. 87–125.
• [11] Sone H., Zoback M. D.: Mechanical properties of shale-gas reservoir rocks – Part 2: Ductile creep, brittle strength, and their relation to the elastic modulus. Geophysics 2013, vol. 78, pp. 393–402.
• [12] Srodon J., Drits V. A., McCarty D. K., Hsieh J. C. C., Eberl D. D.: Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of claybearing rocks from random preparations. Clays and Clay Minerals 2001, vol. 49, pp. 514–528.
• [13] Stock S. R.: MicroComputed Tomography: Methodology and Applications. CrcPress, Bocam Raton, USA, 2009, pp. 332.
• [14] Taylor C. J., Hinczak I.: Rietveld made easy: a practical guide to the understanding of the method and successful phase quantifications. Published by Sietronics Pty Limited – Australia 2006.
• [15] Zalewska J., Dohnalik M.: Comparison of rock pore space based on X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Part III. Nafta-Gaz 2011, no. 10, pp. 702–713.
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• Legal and normative acts
• [17] ASTM Designation: D 2664-95a Standard Test Method for Triaxial compressive strength of Undrained Rock Core specimens without Pore Pressure Measurements.

Uwagi

EN

paper was presented at the Annual Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts at 2014 in Avignon, France.