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The network of faults and joints within the Mesozoic, Miocene and Pleistocene–Holocene formations was studied in the Rio Colca valley, in the Pinchollo–Lari–Maca area (Central Andes, southern Peru). A complex, multi-phase development of these structures was revealed. The results show that the structural framework of the Rio Colca valley consists of WNW–ESE and NE–SW faults, and a few W–E faults. The strike of the most common fault sets is approximately parallel (longitudinal) or perpendicular (transverse) to the W–E oriented strike of stratification surfaces in the Mesozoic sedimentary series and the W–E fold macro-structures, developed in these strata. Diagonal faults and joints are less common, although at some localities they are numerous. The recurrence of major fault systems throughout the Mesozoic and Miocene series and the Pleistocene–Holocene (mainly colluvial) deposits is proof of recent, tectonic activity in the study area. The recent faulting has led to the development of a system of distinct, primary fault scarps, tectonic grabens and horsts, as well as open fissures, which are well marked in the surface morphology, and in many cases have not yet been eroded.
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Tom
Strony
279--–290
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Fundamental Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
autor
- Department of Fundamental Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
autor
- Department of Fundamental Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
autor
- Department of Fundamental Geology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environment Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Antayhua, Y., Tavera, H. & Bernal, I., 2001. Analysis of seismic activity in the area of Sabancaya volcano (Arequipa). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, 91: 55-68. [In French, English summary].
- 2. Antayhua, Y., Tavera, H., Bernal, I., Palza, H. & Aguilar, V., 2002. Hypocenters localization and characteristic of earthquakes in Maca (1991), Sepina (1992) and Cabanaconde (1998), the area of Sabancaya volcano (Arequipa). Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica del Perú, 93: 63-72 [In Spanish, English summary].
- 3. Bulmer, M.H., Johnston, A., Engle, F.C. & Salas, G., 1999. Seismically triggered slope failures in the Colca Valley, Southern Peru. EOS. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Spring, H41A-07: p. 127.
- 4. Cembrano, J., Lavenu, A., Yanez, G., Riquelme, R., Garcia M., Gonzáles, G & Hérail, G., 2007. Netectonics. In: Moreno, T. & Gibbons, W. (eds), The Geology of Chile. The Geological Society Publishing House, London: pp. 231-262.
- 5. Dalmayrac, B., Laubacher, G., Marocco, R., Marlinez, C., Mégard, F., Paredes, J. & Tomasi P., 1971. Mapa Geologico de los Terrenos Paleozoicos y Precambrianos del Perú y de Bolivia, Escala aproximada 1:5 000 000. Service Cartographique, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, Paris.
- 6. Delacour, A., Paquereau, P., Gerbe, M. C., Thouret, J. C. & Worner, G., 2002. Quaternary minor volcanic centers in southern Peru: volcanology, petrology and geochemistry. ISAG, Touluse: 175-179.
- 7. Dorbath, L., Dorbath, C., Jimenez, E. & Rivera, L., 1991. Seismicity and tectonics deformation in the eastern cordillera and the sub-andean zone of central Peru. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 4: 13-24.
- 8. Fossen, H., 2010. Structural Geology. Cambridge University Press, 480 pp.
- 9. Gałaś, A. & Paulo, A., 2008. Idea of protection of Rio Colca Canyon and Valley of Volcanoes. In: Paulo, A. & Gałaś, A. (eds), Polskie badania w Kanionie Colca i Dolinie Wulkanów. Kwartalnik AGH, Geologia, 34: 17-33. [In Polish, English summary].
- 10. Garayar, C. (ed.), 2004. Atlas Regional del Perú, Tomo 3: Arequipa. Ediciones Peisa S.A.C. & Quebecor World Perú S.A., Lima.
- 11. Gonzales, L. & Pfiffner, O.A., 2012. Morphologic evolution of the Central Andes of Peru. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 101: 307-321.
- 12. Guillande, R. & Salas, G. 1995. Geomorhological and geological survey and spot remote senstng of the curtent activity of Nevado Sabancaya strato volcano (south Peru): as t essment for hazard-zone mapping. Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Neue Folge, 39: 515-535.
- 13. Heflin, M. (Webmaster), 2012. GPS Time Series. NASA, Washington, D.C., and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena. http://sideshow.jpl.nasa.gov/ post/series.html [the date of accessing 11.07.2012].
- 14. Hills, S.E., 1972. Elements of Structural Geology. Chapman and Hall, London, 502 pp.
- 15. Hobbs, B. E., Means, W. D. & Williams, P. F., 1976. An Outline of Structural Geology. Wiley, New York, 512 pp.
- 16. Huamán-Rodrigo, D., Chorowicz, J., Deffontaines, B., Guillande, R. & Rudant, J., 1993. Structural framework and related geological hazards on the basis of spatial imaginary: the Colca area (Andes of southern Peru). Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 164: 807-818. [In French, English summary].
- 17. Katz, Y., Weinberger, R. & Aydin, A., 2004. Geometry and kinematic evolution of Riedel shear structures, Capitol Reef National Park, Utah. Journal of Structural Geology, 26: 491-501.
- 18. Klinck, B. A. & Palacios, M., 1985. Mapa Geologico del Cuadrangulo de Chivay, 1:100000. Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurgico, Peru.
- 19. Mégard, F., Dalmayrac, B., Laubacher, G., Marocco, R., Martinez, C., Paredes, J. & Tomasi, P., 1971. La chaine hercynienne au Pérou et en Bolivie. Premiers résultats. Cahiers, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer, série Géologie, III, 1: 5-44. [In French].
- 20. Paulo, A., 2008. Geology of the Western Cordiltera in southern Peru - an outtine. In: Paulo, A., Gałaś, A. (eds), Polskie badania w Kanionie Colca i Dolinie Wulkanów. Kwartalnik AGH, Geologia, 34: 35-54. [In Polish, English summary].
- 21. Price, N. J. & Cosgrove, J. W., 1988. Analysis of Geological Structures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 502 pp.
- 22. Ragan, D. M., 1973. Structural Geology-An Introduction to Geometrical Techniques. John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 208 pp.
- 23. Ramsay, J. G., 1967. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. McGraw- Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, 568 pp.
- 24. Ramsay, J. G. & Huber, M. I., 1983. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, 1: Strain Analysis. Academic Press, London, 307 pp.
- 25. Ramsay, J. G. & Huber, M. I., 1987. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, 2: Folds and Fractures. Academic Press, London: 309-700.
- 26. Ramsay, J. G. & Lisle, R. J., 2000. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, 3: Applications of Continuum Mechanics in Structural Geology. Academic Press, London: 702-1061.
- 27. Riedel, W., 1929. Zur Mechanik geologischer Brucherscheinungen. Zentralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie und Paleontologie B: 354-368.
- 28. Romanyuk, T. V., 2009. The Late Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the central segment of the Andean subduction zone. Geotectonics, 43: 305-323.
- 29. Sébrier, M., Mercier, J., Megard, F., Laubacher, G. & Carey- Gailhardis, E., 1985. Quaternary normal and reverse faulting and the state of stress in the central Andes of Perú. Tectonics, 7: 895-928.
- 30. Sébrier, M. & Soler, P., 1991. Tectonics and magmatism in the Peruvian Andes from late Oligocene time to Present. In: Harmon, R.W. & Rapela, C.W. (eds), Andean magmatism and its tectonic setting. Geological Society of America, Special Paper, 265: 259-278.
- 31. Skempton, A. W., 1966. Some observations on tectonic shear zones. Proceeding of the 1st International Conference on Rock Mechanisms, International Society for Rock Mechanics, Lisbon: pp. 329-335.
- 32. Thouret, J. C., Worner, G., Gunnell, Y., Singer, B., Zhan, X. & Souriot, T., 2007. Geochronologic and stratigraphic constrains on canyon incision and Miocen uplift of the Central Andes in Peru. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 263: 151-166.
- 33. Whitten, E. H. T., 1969. Structural Geology of Folded Rocks. Rand McNally & Co., Chicago, 678 pp.
- 34. Yakovlev, F., 2010. Detection of types of strain states for simple shear zones based on sets of secondary fractures. Conference Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the Central European Tectonic Studies Group (CETeG), 22-25.04.2010, Mąchocice Kapitulne, Poland: 128-130.
- 35. Żaba, J. & Małolepszy, Z. 2008a. Landslide hazard related to tectonic activity in the Rio Colca Valley, Peru. Mineral Resources Management, 24: 117-134. [In Polish, English summary].
- 36. Żaba, J. & Małolepszy, Z. 2008b. Fault activity in the Rio Colca Valley in the Pinchollo - Maca Area, Central Andes, Southern Peru. In: Paulo, A. & Gałaś, A. (eds), Polskie badania w Kanionie Colca i Dolinie Wulkanów. Kwartalnik AGH, Geologia, 34: 83-106. [In Polish, English summary].
- 37. Żaba, J., Małolepszy, Z. & Gaidzik, K., 2009. Landslide geohazard related to structural setting and seismotectonic activity in the Colca River valley, Central Andes, Peru. Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai, Geologia, Special Issue - MAEGS-16: 176-178.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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