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The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of lawn grasses cultivated in monoculture and fertilizated by soil conditioners to establish lawn grasses used extensively in terms of their impact on the overall aspect. The following grass species were used in the experiment: Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis. They were sown on their own, each of them at the rate of 28 g∙m-2. Another experimental factor tested in the research was soil conditioners – Substral, Humus Activ Papka, Eko-Użyźniacz, UG-max. At the end of each growing season, between 2013 and 2015, an assessment of grass was carried out. Among other things its general appearance was assessed using a 9-point rating scale. This assessment was conducted in three seasons: spring, summer, and autumn. The obtained results showed that the lawn appearance ratings varied throughout the research, both in terms of the season, the species of grass, and soil conditioners. This proves that the soil conditioner effects depend on the temperature and moisture conditions, and that there is an interaction between soil conditioners and the weather conditions affecting the grass appearance. The lawn grass species responded strongly to different weather conditions by changing their appearance in different seasons and years.
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Tom
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44--52
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Grassland and Green Areas Creation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
autor
- Department of Grassland and Green Areas Creation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
autor
- Department of Grassland and Green Areas Creation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
- Department of Grassland and Green Areas Creation, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, ul. Prusa 14, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
Bibliografia
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- 2. Borman F.H., Balmori D., Geballe T.G. 2001. Redesigning the American Lawn. A Search for 443 Environmental Harmony. Yale University Press, New Haven/London.
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- 4. Czeluściński W., Jankowski K., Sosnowski J., Malinowska E., Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B. 2017. Effects of trinexapac-ethyl on turfgrass growth and frequency of mowing. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 15(3), 739–746.
- 5. Domański P. 1998. Methodology of study of economic value of cultivars (WGO) of cultivated crops. Turf grass. COBORU, Słupia Wielka (Poland), 1–35.
- 6. Harkot W., Czarnecki Z., Powroźnik M., Rosołowski G. 2006. Influence of mowing frequency on general aspect of turf of selected Festuca ssp. cultivars during seven-years performance. Grassland Science in Poland, 9, 59–65.
- 7. Ignatieva M., Ahrné K., Wissman J., Eriksson T., Tidåker P., Hedblom M. 2015. Lawn as a cultural and ecological phenomenon: A conceptual framework for transdisciplinary research. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 14, 383–387. Doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2015.04.003
- 8. Jankowski K., Czeluściński W., Jankowska J., Ciepiela G.A. 2010. Effect of aquagel on the initial development of turfgrasses and their aesthetical value. Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering, 55(2), 36–41.
- 9. Jankowski K., Czeluściński W., Jankowska J. 2011. Effect of hydrogel and type of fertilizer on the turf compactness with varying participation of perennial ryegrass in mixture. Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis, 286(18), 13–22.
- 10. Jankowski K., Sosnowski J., Jankowska J. 2012a. General aspect of turf lawns established on the base of tufted hair grass. Fragmenta Agronomica, 29(1), 25–33.
- 11. Jankowski K., Czeluściński W., Jankowska J., Kolczarek R., Sosnowski J. 2012b. The influence of the growth regulator trinexsapac ethyl on the regrowth rate of lawns grasses. Acta Scientarium Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 11(4), 67–76.
- 12. Jankowski K., Sosnowski J., Truba M., Skrzyczyńska J., Malinowska E., Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B. 2017. Impact of soil conditioners and weather on lawn compactness. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 15(4), 1917-1928.
- 13. Jankowski K., Malinowska E., Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B., Jankowska J., Truba M., Czeluściński W., Koper O., Góral P., Kania P., Matsyura A. 2018. The effects of soil conditioners on grass colour throughout the growing season. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 16(4): 3981-3992.
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- 17. Prończuk S., Żurek D. 2008. The relationship between sod strength and turf quality of common grass cultivars. Bulletin of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 57, 25–34.
- 18. Prończuk M., Prończuk M., Laudański Z., Prończuk S. 2003. Comparison of species and cultivars of Festuca spp: in many-years of turf maintenance. Bulletin of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, 225, 239-257.
- 19. Robbins P. 2007. Lawn People. How Grasses, Weeds and Chemicals Make Us Who We Are. Temple University Press, Philadelphia.
- 20. Robbins P., Polderman A., Birkenholtz T. 2001. Lawns and toxins: an ecology of the city. Cities, 18, 369–380. Doi:10.1016/S0264-2751(01)00029-4
- 21. Robbins P., Sharp J. 2003a. The lawn-chemical economy and its discontents. Antipode, 35, 955–979. Doi:10.1111/j.1467-8330.2003.00366.x
- 22. Robbins P., Sharp J. 2003b. Producing and consuming chemicals: the moral economy of the American lawn. Economic Geography, 79, 425–451.
- 23. Rutkowska B., Dębska-Kalinowska Z. 2000. Usefulness of species and varieties of grasses on lawns. Wieś Jutra 4(21), 19-22.
- 24. Sąkol G., Niesler A., Pawełko K., Trelka T. 2012. Evaluation of development of three cultivars of coral bells (heuchera) after application of organic means of improving soil properties and mineral fertilizers on post-mining area of the Dąbrowskie Coal Basin. Science Nature Technology, 6(4), 70.
- 25. Schueler T. 2000. Urban pesticides: from the lawn to the stream. Watershed Protection Techniques, 2, 247–253.
- 26. Shah H.S., Saleem M.F., Shahid M. 2001. Effect of different fertilizers and effective microorganisms on growth, yield and quality of maize. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 3, 378−379.
- 27. Skowera B., Puła J. 2004. Pluviometric extreme conditions in spring season in Poland in the years 1971-2000. Acta Agrophysica, 3(1), 171–177.
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- 29. Sosnowski J. 2012. Reaction of Dactylis glomerata L., Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium perenne L. to microbiological fertilizer and mineral fertilization. Acta Scienitarum Polonorum s. Agriculture, 11(1), 91−98.
- 30. Stewart G.H., Ignatieva M.E., Meurk C.D., Buckley H., Horne B., and Braddick T. 2009. Urban biotopes of Aotearoa New Zealand (URBANZ) (I): composition and diversity of temperate urban lawns in Christchurch. Urban Ecosystems, 12, 233–248. Doi:10.1007/s11252-009-0098-7
- 31. Stępień A., Adamiak E. 2009. Effective microorganisms (Em-1) and their influence on occurrence of cereal diseases. Progress in Plant Protection, 49(4), 2028−2030.
- 32. Sulewska H., Szymańska G., Pecio A. 2009. Evaluation of UGmax soil additive applied in maize grown for grain and silage. Journal of Research and Application in Agriculture Engineering, 54(4), 120−124.
- 33. Truba M., Wiśniewska-Kadżajan B., Sosnowski J., Malinowska E., Jankowski K. Makarewicz A. 2017. The effect of soil conditioners on cellulose, hemicellulose and the ADL fibre fraction concentration in Dactylis glomerata and Lolium perenne. Journal of Ecological Engineering, 18(1), 107–112. Doi:10.12911/22998993/66249
- 34. Tzoulas K., Korpela K., Venn S., Yli-Pelkonen V., Kaźmierczak A., Niemela J., James P. 2007. Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using Green Infrastructure: a literature review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 81, 167–179. Doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001
- 35. Wolski K. 2003. The importance of grasses in human life and the protection of the environment. PTNA, WTN Wrocław (Poland), 1-10.
- 36. Van Vliet P.C.J., Bloem J., De Goede R.G.M. 2006. Microbial diversity, nitrogen loss and grass production after addition of Effective Micro-organisms® (EM) to slurry manure. Applied Soil Ecology, 32, 188–198. Doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2005.07.001
- 37. Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Milewska A. 2011. Effect of soil fertilizer UGmax on potato yielding and plant health. Progress in Plant Protection., 51(1), 153−157.
- 38. Zydlik P., Zydlik Z. 2008. Impact of biological effective microorganisms (EM) preparations on some physico-chemical properties of soil and the vegetative growth of apple-tree rootstocks. Science Nature Technologies, 2(1), 1−8.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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