Związki z dostawcami w zarządzaniu łańcuchu dostaw

• Autorzy: Prałat-Kubiszewska E.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Relations with suppliers in supply chain management

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Duża część cytowanych w literaturze czynników mających znaczenie dla prawidłowego zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw ma związek z partnerskimi kontaktami z innymi ogniwami łańcucha, a szczególnie z dostawcami. W pracy wskazano zmiany, jakie zaszły w podejściu do dostawców oraz zaprezentowano sposoby ich wyboru, zasady organizowania współpracy i narzędzia wymiany informacji.

EN

Idea of supply chain appeared in the eighties as a result of changes that had influenced enterprises and their environment. Supply chain management means an integration of all enterprises that work together in order to ensure the end client a product in right time, quality, quantity and at right cost. Introducing of supply chain has resulted in changes in other market participants' perception. Close cooperation with suppliers, clients and others enterprises responsible for logistics is a basic concept. While ideas of common interest and trust were promoted they started to be partners instead of being opponents. The results of investigations conducted in American enterprises identified the factors that determine a success in supply chain management. The most important factors were: reducing response time across the supply chain, increasing trust among its members, improving activity integration across the chain and searching for new ways f this integration, establishing more frequent contact among supply chain members. It is obvious, that those elements concerned simply collaboration and information flow with supply chain members, especially with suppliers. The problems that hinder the supply chain management were also mostly connected with the matters mentioned above. Not so long time ago procurement was regarded as a tactical function that, while well performed, can bring an enterprise only limited benefits. This opinion influenced the way in which supplier were treated. Since that time the point of view was entirely changed as it is shown in Table 2. A necessity of long term relationship with strong both side involvement, two way systematic digital information flow, joint and long term planning, shared benefits and risks is now emphasized. The last section of the paper concerns the subject of relations with suppliers. The most important problem is "how to choose a supplier?", so the criteria that are used during the supplier selection are listed. The most common used criteria are: quality, overall cost, delivery time and flexibility; however their importance varied in dependence of product type, kind of enterprise, situation on the market etc. The next question that has arisen is "how to choose our most important suppliers?". One uses model for value measurement - it determines supplier importance in relation to the costs of purchase. The second model takes into account supplier importance in relation to the trust. On the grounds of this models the enterprise can point the suppliers that are especially important, determine where the time and the biggest efforts should be engaged etc. In some cases big number of suppliers makes difficult building a relation of partnership. In such situation the optimization of the base of suppliers is necessary. It concerns mostly the first tier suppliers who become the second tier sup-! pliers. It often occurs when the enterprise abandons the production of a component in order to buy it from another enterprise. American research shows that the number of key suppliers increases while the total number of suppliers decreases. Early supplier involvement is a good example of collaboration between an I enterprise and its suppliers. It is a mean for improving costs and quality of a I new product design. The other way of cooperation is the suppliers' access to production or sale plans or shared using of analysis and forecasts. This advanced I collaboration requires a good information exchange. The application of modern I computer and network communication tools is the basic condition of achievement so advanced level of information flow. Extranet and different solutions of electronic data interchange are presented I as the means of information flow between enterprise and its suppliers. Tools of electronic commerce used for suppliers search (electronic catalogues and exchanges) are described. Electronic catalogues are used for standard products. They are I digital version of brochures that help to identify unequivocally product and provide full information about it. The most important advantage of electronic catalogues is the fact they are up-to-date. Electronic exchange is a virtual market where I suppliers and buyers can meet, negotiate and make a contract.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

łańcuch dostaw; dostawca; partnerstwo; zarządzanie dostawami; zarządzanie łańcuchem dostaw

EN

supply chain; chain management; supplier; partnership

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: Vol. 10, nr 1
• Strony: 134--141
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 8 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Prałat-Kubiszewska E.

• Instytut Organizacji i Zarządzania Politechniki Wrocławskiej

Bibliografia

• [1] COYLE J.J., BARDI EJ., LANGLEY CJ. Jr.: Zarządzanie logistyczne. PWE, Warszawa 2002.
• [2] GHOBADIAN A., GALLEAR D., LI R.: Key Determinants of Supply Chain Purchasing Strategy, hmubs.mdx.ac.uk/ Research/Discussion_Papers/Business_and_Management /dpap_bus_3.pdf.
• [3] WISNER J.D., TAN Ch.K.: Supply Chain Management and Its Impact on Purchasing. The Journal of Supply Chain Management. Fall 2000.
• [4] PRAŁAT-KUBISZEWSKA E.: Kryteria wyboru dostawcy - przegląd wyników badań. Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka nr 6/2002.
• [5j CHEVERTON P.: Zarządzanie kluczowymi klientami. Oficyna Ekonomiczna, Kraków 2001.
• [6] BOZDOGAN K., DEYST J., HOULT D., LUCAS M.: Architectural Innovation in Product Development Through Early Supplier Integration. R&D Management, 28.
• [7] www.citrocar.com.pl/lanos/historia.html.
• [8] LARSON P.D., KULCHITSKY J.D.: The Use and Impact of Communication Media in Purchasing and Supply Management. The Journal of Supply Chain Management. Summer 2000.