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Development of a mapping system on an autonomous vehicle using a Fully Convolutional Neural Network and Fast SLAM Algorithm

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
There are many challenges when it comes to autonomous vehicle movement, one of which is developing an accurate and precise internal mapping system. Autonomous vehicles use internal maps to move from a starting point to destination point. Many methods are used in creating these maps, but because they still display weaknesses, further development is required. This research combines the FastSLAM 2.0 algorithm with a fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) model using the road features recognized by the FCNN algorithm as the object of observation of the FastSLAM 2.0 algorithm. This method was tested to form a map of the environment around the Faculty of Engineering, Sriwijaya University, Inderalaya Campus. In the training, the Adam optimizer and Adam combined with batch normalization (BN) model showed good accuracy: 82.07% and 78.08%, respectively. The application of this method succeeded in forming a map similar to Google Maps using the FCNN observation model. The map that was successfully formed had an IoU of 0.159 against the Google Maps map obtained with the Adam + BN model.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
277--284
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr., 34 poz., tab., rys., fot.
Twórcy
  • Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
autor
  • Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
  • Universitas Sriwijaya, Indonesia
Bibliografia
  • [1] H. Cheng, Autonomous intelligent vehicles: theory, algorithms, and implementation. Springer Science & Business Media, 2011.
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  • [3] A. Faisal, T. Yigitcanlar, M. Kamruzzaman, and G. Currie, “Understanding autonomous vehicles: A systematic literature review on capability, impact, planning and policy,” J. Transp. Land Use, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 45-72, 2019, doi: 10.5198/jtlu.2019.1405.
  • [4] Y. Yang, J. Xu, J. Zheng, and S. Lin, “Design and implementation of campus spatial information service based on google maps,” in 2009 International Conference on Management and Service Science, 2009, pp. 1-4.
  • [5] G. Gramajo and P. Shankar, “Path-planning for an unmanned aerial vehicle with energy constraint in a search and coverage mission,” in 2016 IEEE Green Energy and Systems Conference (IGSEC), 2016, pp. 1-6.
  • [6] M. M. Costa and M. F. Silva, “A Survey on Path Planning Algorithms for Mobile Robots,” 19th IEEE Int. Conf. Auton. Robot Syst. Compet. ICARSC 2019, pp. 448-468, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICARSC.2019.8733623.
  • [7] H. Li and L. Zhijian, “The study and implementation of mobile GPS navigation system based on Google Maps,” in 2010 International Conference on Computer and Information Application, 2010, pp. 87-90.
  • [8] S. Li, “A method for building thematic map of GIS based on Google Maps API,” in 2011 19th International Conference on Geoinformatics, 2011, pp. 1-4.
  • [9] Y.-C. Lee, S.-H. Park, W. Yu, and S.-H. Kim, “Topological map building for mobile robots based on GIS in urban environments,” in 2011 8th International Conference on Ubiquitous Robots and Ambient Intelligence (URAI), 2011, pp. 790-791.
  • [10] S. Ambareesh, “Indoor navigation using QR code based on google maps for ios,” in 2017 International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP), 2017, pp. 1700-1705.
  • [11] H. Qin et al., “Autonomous Exploration and Mapping System Using Heterogeneous UAVs and UGVs in GPS-Denied Environments,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 1339-1350, 2019, doi: 10.1109/TVT.2018.2890416.
  • [12] X.-Y. Lin, L. Liu, and H.-Z. Luo, “Research on the Method of Eliminating Gross Error of GPS Output Information,” in 2011 Fourth International Conference on Information and Computing, 2011, pp. 46-49.
  • [13] G. Li, H. Bao, B. Wang, and T. Wu, “Kernelised Rényi Distance for Localization and Mapping of Autonomous Vehicle,” in 2017 13th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Security (CIS), 2017, pp. 69-72.
  • [14] D. Kumiawan, A. N. Jati, and U. Sunarya, “A study of 2D indoor localization and mapping using FastSLAM 2.0,” in 2016 International Conference on Control, Electronics, Renewable Energy and Communications (ICCEREC), 2016, pp. 152-156.
  • [15] X. Xie, Y. Yu, X. Lin, and C. Sun, “An EKF SLAM algorithm for mobile robot with sensor bias estimation,” in 2017 32nd Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC), 2017, pp. 281-285.
  • [16] Z. Kurt-Yavuz and S. Yavuz, “A comparison of EKF, UKF, FastSLAM2. 0, and UKF-based FastSLAM algorithms,” in 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES), 2012, pp. 37-43.
  • [17] K. Matsuo and J. Miura, “Outdoor visual localization with a hand-drawn line drawing map using fastslam with pso-based mapping,” in 2012 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2012, pp. 202-207.
  • [18] J. Dai, Y. Li, K. He, and J. Sun, “R-fcn: Object detection via region-based fully convolutional networks,” in Advances in neural information processing systems, 2016, pp. 379-387.
  • [19] L. Wang, W. Ouyang, X. Wang, and H. Lu, “Visual tracking with fully convolutional networks,” in Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, 2015, pp. 3119-3127.
  • [20] H. Li, A. Li, and M. Wang, “A novel end-to-end brain tumor segmentation method using improved fully convolutional networks,” Comput. Biol. Med., vol. 108, pp. 150-160, 2019.
  • [21] B. Y. Suprapto and B. Kusumoputro, “Optimized neural network-direct inverse control for attitude control of heavy-lift hexacopter,” J. Telecommun. Electron. Comput. Eng., vol. 9, no. 2-5, 2017.
  • [22] E. Yuniarti, N. Nurmaini, B. Y. Suprapto, and M. N. Rachmatullah, “Short Term Electrical Energy Consumption Forecasting using RNN-LSTM,” in 2019 International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (ICECOS), 2019, pp. 287-292.
  • [23] G. Gojić, R. Turović, D. Dragan, D. Gajić, and V. Petrović, “Automatic Corrections of Human Body Depth Maps using Deep Neural Networks,” SERBIAN J. Electr. Eng., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 285-296, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.2298/SJEE2003285G.
  • [24] S. Zhou, J. Gong, G. Xiong, H. Chen, and K. Iagnemma, “Road detection using support vector machine based on online learning and evaluation,” in 2010 IEEE intelligent vehicles symposium, 2010, pp. 256-261.
  • [25] M. V. G. Aziz, A. S. Prihatmanto, and H. Hindersah, “Implementation of lane detection algorithm for self-driving car on toll road cipularang using Python language,” in 2017 4th International Conference on Electric Vehicular Technology (ICEVT), 2017, pp. 144-148.
  • [26] H. Park, “Implementation of lane detection algorithm for self-driving vehicles using tensor flow,” in International conference on innovative mobile and internet services in ubiquitous computing, 2018, pp. 438-447.
  • [27] J. Zang, W. Zhou, G. Zhang, and Z. Duan, “Traffic lane detection using fully convolutional neural network,” in 2018 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC), 2018, pp. 305-311.
  • [28] M. Montemerlo, S. Thrun, D. Koller, and B. Wegbreit, “FastSLAM: A factored solution to the simultaneous localization and mapping problem,” Aaai/iaai, vol. 593598, 2002.
  • [29] C.-C. Hsu, C.-K. Yang, Y.-H. Chien, Y.-T. Wang, W.-Y. Wang, and C.-H. Chien, “Computationally efficient algorithm for vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping of mobile robots,” Eng. Comput., 2017.
  • [30] M. Montemerlo, S. Thrun, D. Koller, and B. Wegbreit, “FastSLAM 2.0: An improved particle filtering algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping that provably converges,” in IJCAI, 2003, pp. 1151-1156.
  • [31] J. Long, E. Shelhamer, and T. Darrell, “Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation,” in Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, 2015, pp. 3431-3440.
  • [32] E. Shelhamer, J. Long, and T. Darrell, “Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 640-651, 2016.
  • [33] D. P. Kingma and J. Ba, “Adam: A method for stochastic optimization,” arXiv Prepr. arXiv1412.6980, 2014.
  • [34] P. Golik, P. Doetsch, and H. Ney, “Cross-entropy vs. squared error training: a theoretical and experimental comparison.,” in Interspeech, 2013, vol. 13, pp. 1756-1760.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-ad052e51-59a5-46cd-a939-642195f74fb4
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