Global Index of the Acoustic Quality of Classrooms

• Autorzy: Radosz J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Acoustic quality of a classroom is a term proposed to describe acoustic properties that contribute to a subjective impression received by a human, such as speech intelligibility, external noise, or vocal effort. It is especially important in classrooms, where suitable conditions should be provided to convey verbal content to students, taking into account their age. The article presents a method for assessing the acoustic quality of classrooms based on a single number global index and taking into account a number of factors affecting the outcome of the assessment. Partial indices are presented and their weights are proposed based on an analysis of factors determining whether a room meets applicable acoustic requirements. Results of the assessment of the acoustic quality carried out with the use of the developed method in selected classrooms are also presented.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

acoustic quality index; classrooms; schools; room acoustics

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN ; Polska Akademia Nauk
• Czasopismo: Archives of Acoustics
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Vol. 38, No. 2
• Strony: 159--168
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 35 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Radosz J.

• Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. ANSI S12.60-2002 American National Standard Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and, Guidelines for Schools, Acoustical Society of America, Melville, NY.
• 2. Augustyńska D., Kaczmarska A., Mikulski W., Radosz J. (2010), Assessment of teachers’ exposure to noise in selected, primary schools, Archives of Acoustics, 35, 4, 521-542.
• 3. Bradley J.S. (1986), Predictors of speech intelligibility in rooms, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 80, 3, 837-845.
• 4. Bradley J.S., Bistafa S.R. (2002), Relating speech intelligibility to useful-to-detrimental sound ratios, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 112, 1, 27-29.
• 5. Bronder A. (2003), Study of the causes of disorders of the voice organ in teachers and developing principles of prevention [in Polish: Badanie przyczyn zaburzeń narządu głosu nauczycieli i opracowanie zasad profilaktyki ], PhD thesis, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland.
• 6. Carvalho A., Silva P. (2010), Sound, noise and speech at the 9000-seat Holy Trinity Church in Fatima, Portugal, Archives of Acoustic, 35, 2, 145-156.
• 7. Crandell C., Smaldino J. (2000), Classroom Acoustics for Children With Normal Hearing and With Hearing Impairment, Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 31, 362-370.
• 8. DIN 18041:2004-05, Acoustic quality in small to medium-sized rooms, [in German: Hörsamkeit in kleinen bis mittelgroßen Raumen], Deutsches Institut fur Normung, Berlin.
• 9. Eckel, Noie Control Technologies: Building Bulletin 93 - School Acoustics, http://www.bb93.co.uk/bb93.html.
• 10. Engel Z., Engel J., Kosała K., Sadowski J. (2007), The bases of acoustics of sacral objects [in Polish: Podstawy akustyki obiektów sakralnych], ITE, KrakówRadom.
• 11. EN ISO 9921:2003 Ergonomics - Assessment of speech communication, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
• 12. EN 60268-16:2011, Sound system equipment - Part 16: Objective rating of speech intelligibility by speech transmission index, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels.
• 13. Hodgson M., Rempel R., Kennedy S. (1999), Measurement and prediction of typical speech and, background-noise levels in university classrooms during lectures, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 105, 1, 226-233.
• 14. ISO 3382-1:2009 Acoustics - Measurement of room acoustic parameters - Part 1: Performance spaces, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
• 15. Kosała K. (2008) Global index of the acoustic quality of sacral buildings at incomplete information, Archives of Acoustics, 33, 2, 151-169.
• 16. Kosała K. (2011), A single number index to asses selected acoustic parameters in churches with redundant information, Archives of Acoustics, 33, 2, 165-183.
• 17. Kosała K. (2012), Singular vectors in acoustic simulation tests of St. Paul the Apostle Church in Bochnia, Archives of Acoustics, 37, 1, 23-30.
• 18. Koszarny K. (1992), Noise assessment by school teachers and its impact on health and wellbeing [in Polish: Ocena hałasu szkolnego przez nauczycieli oraz jego wpływu na stan zdrowia i samopoczucie], Rocznik PZH, 43, 2, 201-210.
• 19. Kotus J., Szczodrak M., Czyżewski A., Kostek B. (2010), Long-term comparative evaluation of acoustic climate in selected schools before and after acoustic treatment, Archives of Acoustics, 35, 4, 551-564.
• 20. Leśna P., Skrodzka E. (2010), Subjective evaluation of classroom acoustics by teenagers vs. reverberation time, Acta Physica Polonica A, 118, 1, 115-117.
• 21. Mikulski W. (2012), The acoustic properties of classrooms in primary schools - estimating speech transmission index from the reverberation time [in Polish: Właściwości akustyczne sal lekcyjnych w szkołach podstawowych - szacowanie wskaźnika transmisji mowy na podstawie czasu pogłosu], Proceedings of the 59th Open Seminar on Acoustics, Boszkowo.
• 22. Mikulski W., Radosz J. (2011), Acoustics of classrooms in primary schools - results of the reverberation time and the speech transmission index assessments in selected buildings, Archives of Acoustics, 36, 4, 777794.
• 23. Mikulski W., Radosz J. (2010), Effect of volume and equipment on acoustic performance of classrooms [in Polish: Wpływ objętości i wyposażenia na właściwości akustyczne sal lekcyjnych], Proceedings of the Noise Control 2010, Książ.
• 24. ÖNORM B 8115-3, Sound insulation and architectural acoustics in building construction - Part 3: Architectural acoustics [in German: Schallschutz und Raumakustik im Hochbau - Teil 3: Raumakustik], Austrian Standard Institute, Vienna.
• 25. Piechowicz J. (2004), Global index of the acoustic climate, Archives of Acoustics, 29, 3, 411-425.
• 26. Pleban D. (1999), Computer simulation of the indices of the acoustic assessment of machines, Archives of Acoustics, 24, 4, 443-453.
• 27. Pleban D. (2010), Method of acoustic assessment of machinery based on global acoustic quality index, Archives of Acoustics, 35, 2, 223-235.
• 28. Pleban D. (2011), A global index of acoustic assessment of machines - results of experimental and simulation tests, International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 17, 3, 277-286.
• 29. PN-B-02151-02:1987, Building acoustics. Noise protection of apartments in buildings. Permissible values of sound level [in Polish: Akustyka budowlana. Ochrona przed hałasem pomieszczeń w budynkach. Dopuszczalne wartości poziomu dźwięku w pomieszczeniach], Polish Committee for Standardization, Warsaw.
• 30. Radosz J. (2012), Effect of classroom acoustics on the sound pressure level of teachers’ speech [in Polish: Wpływ właściwości akustycznych sal lekcyjnych na poziom ciśnienia akustycznego mowy nauczycieli], Medycyna Pracy, 63, 4, 409-417.
• 31. Radosz J., Mikulski W. (2012), Evaluation of teachers’ workplace acoustics based on selected primary schools [in Polish: Ocena właściwości akustycznych pomieszczeń pracy nauczycieli na przykładzie wybranych szkół podstawowych], Bezpieczeństwo Pracy - Nauka i Praktyka, 6, 16-19.
• 32. Rudno-Rudzińska B., Czajkowska K. (2010), Analysis of acoustic environment on premises of nursery schools in Wrocław, Archives of Acoustics, 35, 2, 245-252.
• 33. Sato H., Bradley J.S. (2008), Evaluation of acoustical conditions for speech communication in working elementary school classrooms, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123, 4, 2064-2077.
• 34. Sato H., Morimoto M., Wada M. (2008), Relationship between listening difficulty and acoustical objective measures in reverberant sound fields, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123, 4, 2087-2093.
• 35. SFS 5907:en Acoustics classification of spaces in buildings, Suomen Standardisoimisliitto SFS, Helsinki.