Tlenek diazotu. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

Starek, A.

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Tlenek diazotu. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego

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Starek A.

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Nitrous oxide

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Tlenek diazotu jest gazem stosowanym głównie do znieczulenia ogólnego w medycynie, stomatologii i weterynarii. Narażenie na ten związek zostało dobrze scharakteryzowane w szpitalnych salach zabiegowych i w gabinetach stomatologicznych. Najczęściej stężenia tego związku w powietrzu pomieszczeń zabiegowych wahają się w zakresie wartości 11 ÷ 7990 mg/m3. Duże stężenia tlenku diazotu stwierdzono w pomieszczeniach niewentylowanych oraz w przypadku nieszczelności aparatury anestezjologicznej. Usunięcie tylko tych przyczyn zmniejszało stężenia ksenobiotyku w powietrzu 3 ÷ 15-krotnie. Po obserwacji personelu medycznego i wynikach badań epidemiologicznych wykazano neurotoksyczne, embriotoksyczne, fetotoksyczne i teratogenne działanie tlenku diazotu. Na podstawie wyników badań przeprowadzonych na zwierzętach laboratoryjnych stwierdzono zaburzenia metabolizmu neuroprzekaźników, zahamowanie biosyntezy metioniny oraz działanie immunosupresyjne w zakresie odporności humoralnej. Nie wykazano mutagennego i kancerogennego działania tego związku. Za podstawę wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) tlenku diazotu przyjęto jego neurotoksyczne działanie u ludzi. Wychodząc z wartości NOAEL wynoszącej 180 mg/m3 i jednego współczynnika niepewności równego 2, obliczono wartość NDS wynoszącą 90 mg/m3. Zaproponowano wartość normatywną równą 90 mg/m3 łącznie z oznaczeniem literami „Ft”. Nie znaleziono merytorycznych podstaw do obliczenia wartości najwyższe go dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) i wartości dopuszczalnego stężenia biologicznego (DSB) dla tlenku diazotu.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a gas mainly used in medicine, dentistry, and veterinary medicine as an anaesthetic. Medical staff is a subpopulation exposed to this chemical. Nitrous oxide exerts neurotoxic, embriotoxic, fetotoxic, and teratogenic effects on human and animal organisms. This compound is an inhibitor of methionine synthase. The MAC (TWA) value of 90 mg/m3 was calculated on the basis of the LOAEL value (180 mg/m3) for neurotoxic effect in humans. The MAC (STEL) value has not been established. Moreover Ft (fetotoxicity) notation is recommended.

Słowa kluczowe

tlenek diazotu personel medyczny narażenie NDS

nitrous oxide medical staff exposure MAC

Wydawca

Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy

Rocznik

2005

Tom

Nr 3 (45)

Strony

135--152

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 66 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Starek A.

Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego 30-688 Kraków ul. Medyczna 9

Bibliografia

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Bibliografia

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