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The comparison of computer methods for porosity evaluation in sintered constructional steels

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Purpose: Purpose of this paper is to compare the results obtained from the parameters characterizing the porosity using two computer programs. Design/methodology/approach: The powders used in the present paper are pre-alloyed iron-base powders. The amount of graphite which is mixed with the iron-base powder is 0.6% and lubricant is 0.75%. Green compacts were sintered in a vacuum furnace and cooled in nitrogen at three different rates: 6.5ºC/s, 1.6ºC/s and 0.3ºC/s. Next the samples were tempered in vacuum in the same furnace and cooled in nitrogen, with the exception of low cooling. Obtained samples were examined by light optical microscopy (LOM) for microstructure observation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings: Investigation of porosity in the pre-alloyed steels was performed using ”Image-Pro Plus” computer program of Media Cybernetics company and “Sigma Scan” computer program of Systat Software company. Leica light microscope (MEFA4) was used to prepare series of micrographs. The microstructures were observed at 25x magnification and recorded as *.jpg files. After calibration of the digital images, the chosen parameters were calculated. Practical implications: Both programs have some limitations, which made it difficult to obtain some results automatically. Originality/value: The obtained results from the programs confirm that these programs are very useful in the statistical analysis of microstructures of sintered materials, because of the time savings during calculations.
Rocznik
Strony
395--402
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  • Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
autor
  • Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] L.A. Dobrzański, M. Musztyfaga, M. Actis Grande, M. Rosso, Computer aided determination of porosity in sintered steels, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 38/2 (2009) 103-111.
  • [2] L.A. Dobrzański, M. Musztyfaga, Influence of cooling rates on properties of pre-alloyed PM materials, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 37/1 (2009) 28-35.
  • [3] L.A. Dobrzanski, Z. Brytan, M.A. Grande, M. Rosso, Corrosion resistance of sintered duplex stainless steels, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 192-193 (2007) 443-448.
  • [4] W. Sowa, M. Sułowski, The effect of processing variables on the porosity of structural PM manganese steels, Gingers and metals R51/3 (2006) 155-162.
  • [5] M. Sułowski, Application of computer methods for porosity measurements in sintered steels, Gingers and metals R53/10 (2008) 628-645.
  • [6] A. Ciaś, M. Sułowski, J. Frydrych, The effect of variables on the porosity of P/M Mn steels, PM2TEC Monteral 7 (2005) 31-23.
  • [7] L.A. Dobrzański, M. Musztyfaga, M. Actis Grande, M. Rosso, Computer aided determination of porosity in sintered steels, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 38/2 (2009) 103-111.
  • [8] S. Rutkowski, Design properties sintered products from powders and fibers, Scientific National Publisher, Warsaw, 1977, 228-231.
  • [9] F.V. Lanel, Powder metallurgy - principles and applications, MPIF Princeton, New Jersey, 1980.
  • [10] S.J. Kowalski, The engineering of porosity materials. Publishing Technical University, Poznań, 2004, 9-20.
  • [11] J. Banaszak, The engineering of porosity materials, Publishing Technical University, Poznań, 2005, 6-7.
  • [12] T.K. Kandavel, R. Chandramouli, P. Karthikeyan, Influence of alloying elements and density on aqueous corrosion behaviour of some sintered low alloy steels, Materials and Design 40 (2012) 336-342.
  • [13] L.A. Dobrzański, Z Brytan, M.A. Grande, M Rosso, Properties of duplex stainless steels made by powder metallurgy, Archives of Materials Science 28 (2007) 217-223.
  • [14] Z. Brytan, L.A. Dobrzański, M. Actis Grande, M. Rosso, The influence of sintering time on the properties of PM duplex stainless steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 37/2 (2009).
  • [15] M. Bilewicz, J.C. Viana, L.A. Dobrzański, Development ofmicrostructure affected by in-mould manipulation in polymer composites and nanocomposite, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 31/1 (2008) 71-76.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-abc73c81-3c57-48aa-ac17-61f60c42785e
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