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Warianty tytułu
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Kwas 2,4-dichlorofenoksyoctowy (2,4-D) jest białym lub żółtym krystalicznym proszkiem, bez zapachu lub o lekkim zapachu fenolu, słabo rozpuszczalnym w wodzie i dobrze rozpuszczalnym w rozpuszczalnikach organicznych. Jest stosowany jako składnik licznych pestycydów do ochrony roślin. 2,4-D należy do związków szkodliwych, medialna dawka śmiertelna dla szczurów po podaniu per os wynosi 375 lub 666 mg/kg (zależnie od źródła informacji). W następstwie narażenia przewlekłego 2,4-D wywiera działanie hepatotoksyczne i nefrotoksyczne, nie wywiera działania rakotwórczego u zwierząt. Na podstawie wyników testów mutagenności i genotoksyczności nie można jednoznacznie uznać 2,4-D za związek, który nie działa genotoksycznie, gdyż wykazano, że w warunkach in vitro może powodować wzrost częstości SCE, aberracji chromosomowych oraz wzrost nieplanowej syntezy DNA. Według ACGIH 2,4-D należy do grupy A4, czyli substancji nieklasyfikowanych jako rakotwórcze dla ludzi oraz do grupy 2B według IARC, tj. substancji przypuszczalnie rakotwórczych dla ludzi. W dużych dawkach powoduje zaburzenia rozwoju wewnątrzmacicznego zwierząt. Wyniki badań epidemiologicznych funkcji reproduktywnej ludzi nie dostarczają jednoznacznych danych, gdyż podczas narażenia zwykle występują również inne pestycydy oprócz 2,4-D. 2,4-D ulega szybko wchłonięciu z przewodu pokarmowego ludzi oraz zwierząt i w znacznej mierze jako forma niezmetabolizowana jest szybko wydalany z moczem. Istotną drogą wchłaniania jest także skóra. Normatywy higieniczne dla 2,4-D, obowiązujące w różnych państwach, wynoszą przeważnie 10 mg/m3. Jedynie wartość MAK została ustalona w 1998 r. w Niemczech, na poziomie 1 mg/m3, lecz oprócz samego 2,4-D jest to także wartość normatywu dla soli i estrów tego kwasu. W Polsce dotychczasowa wartość NDS tego związku wynosi 7 mg/m3, a NDSCh – 20 mg/m3. Proponuje się przyjęcie wartości NDS na poziomie 7 mg/m3 i nieustalanie wartości NDSCh, gdyż związek ten nie działa drażniąco, a jego działanie ostre jest niewielkie.
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and its amine salts or esters are used as herbicides. 2,4-D has moderately acute toxicity for mammals. Acute oral LD50 values for rats are between 375 to 666 mg/kg b.w. The available information has been inadequate for an assessment of the mutagenic activity and carcinogenic potential of 2,4-D. The Expert Group for Chemical Agents has established an 8-hour TWA value of 7 mg/m3. No STEL and BEI have been recommended.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
65--89
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 91 poz., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 90-950 Łódź ul. św. Teresy 8
Bibliografia
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Bibliografia
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