Gas chromatography determination of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in seawater and sediment in the Gulf of Aqaba

• Autorzy: Bawana Khaldoon , Yanes Qussay Mustafa , Rasheed Mohammed

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1556/1326.2019.00592

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The levels of persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were determined in seawater and marine sediments from different sites along the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. Concentrations of 7 PCBs, namely, PCB-28, PCB-52, PCB-101, PCB-118, PCB-138, PCB-153, and PCB-180, were determined. An automated Soxhlet (Soxtec) extraction method was used for extraction with hexane–acetone as a solvent, and a pre-washed multilayer silica gel column was used for the clean-up step. Samples were analyzed using capillary gas chromatography (GC) with an electron capture detector (ECD) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for confirmation. The method's limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be from 0.40 to 1.53 ng/L and from 0.39 to 0.91 ng/g dry weight for seawater and sediment, respectively. Concentrations of PCBs in seawater and sediment samples from all sites were below the LOD. This study provides evidence that very low concentrations of PCBs (<2 ng/g) were found in the water and sediments of the Jordanian coast of the Gulf of Aqaba. PCB concentrations measured in this study can be considered as a baseline for future monitoring and control of PCBs as requested by the Stockholm Convention.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Polychlorinated biphenyls; gas chromatography; Gulf of Aqaba

• Wydawca: University of Silesia in Katowice ; Akademiai Kiado
• Czasopismo: Acta Chromatographica
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 32, no. 2
• Strony: 117--121
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Bawana Khaldoon

• Ben Hayyan -Aqaba International Laboratories, Aqaba 77110, Jordan

autor

Yanes Qussay Mustafa

• Ben Hayyan -Aqaba International Laboratories, Aqaba 77110, Jordan

autor

Rasheed Mohammed

• Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

Bibliografia

• [1.] UNEP/MAP , MAP technical reports series, Athens, Greece, 2003, 141.
• [2.] Iwata, H.; Tanabe, S.; Armato, M.; Ueda, K.; Tatsukawa, R. Environ. Sci. Tech. 1995, 29, 792.
• [3.] Schmidt, H.; Schultz, G. Ann. Chim., 1881, 207, 338.
• [4.] Jensen S. New Sci. 1966, 32, 612p.
• [5.] Juang, D.; Lee, C.; Hsueh, S. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech., 2009, 6, 545–556.
• [6.] Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, Geneva, Secretariat of the Stockholm Convention (http://chm.pops.int), 2009.
• [7.] CCREM , The PCB Story, 60 Bloor St. West, Suite 701, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4W3B8 1986, p. 1–32.
• [8.] World Health Organization (WHO) , Polychlorinated biphenylsand terphenyls. Environmental Health Criteria 140. 2d ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1992, Available: http://www.inchem.org.
• [9.] Alawi, M.; Hourani, M.; Abu Hilal, D. Toxic. Environ. Chem. 1995, 51, 121.
• [10.] Alawi, M.; Rasheed, M.; AlMasri, M. Fresenius. Environ. Bull. 2007, 16, 1131.
• [11.] Klanova, L.; Matykiewiczova, N.; Macka, Z.; Prosek, P.; Laska, K.; Klan, P. Antarctica. Environ. Poll. 2008, 152, 416–423.
• [12.] US EPA, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste SW-846, 3rd ed., Method 3510C, 1996.
• [13.] Taverniers, I.; de Loose, M.; Van Bockstae, L. E. Analyt. Chem. 2004, 23 535–552.
• [14.] CCME , Canadian Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life 2002, http://www.ccme.ca/assets/pdf/sedqg_summary_table.pdf.
• [15.] El Nemr, A.; Moneer, A.; Khaled, A.; El-Sikaily, A. Environ. Monit. Assess. 2013, 185, 4835.
• [16.] Fouial-Djebbar, D.; Badjah Hadji Ahmed, A. Y.; Budzinski, H. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Tech. 2010, 7, 271.
• [17.] Hong, S.; Yim, U.; Shim, W.; Oh, J.; Viet, P.; Park, P. Vietnam. Chemosp. 2008, 72, 1193.
• [18.] Castells, P.; Parera, J.; Santos, F.; Galceran, M. Chemosph. 2008, 70, 1552–1562.
• [19.] Mostafa, A.; Wade, T.; Sweet, S.; Al-Alimi, A.; Barakat, A. Mar. Poll. Bull. 2007, 54, 1053.
• [20.] Wafo, E.; Sarrazin, L.; Diana, C.; Schembri, T.; Lagadec, V.; Monod, J. Mar. Poll. Bull. 2006, 52, 104.
• [21.] Guzzella, L.; Rosciolia, C.; Viganò, L.; Saha, M.; Sarkar, S.; Bhattacharya, A. Environ. Int. 2005, 31, 523.
• [22.] Sapozhnikova, Y.; Bawardi, O.; Schlenk, D. Chemosph. 2004, 55, 797.
• [23.] Romano, E.; Ausili, A.; Zharova, N.; Magno, M.; Pavoni, B.; Gabellini, M. Mar. Poll. Bull. 2004, 49, 487.
• [24.] Yim, U.; Shim, W.; Oh, J.; Lee, I. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2003, 46, 244.
• [25.] Fillmann, G.; Readman, J.; Tolosa, I.; Bartocci, J.; Villeneuve, J.; Cattini, C. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2002, 44, 122.
• [26.] Barakat, A.; Kim, M.; Qian, Y.; Wade, T. Mar. Poll. Bull. 2002, 44, 1426.
• [27.] Zhou, J.; Maskaoui, K.; Qiu, Y.; Hong, H.; Wang, Z. Pollut. 2001, 113, 373.
• [28.] De Mora, S.; Villeneuve, J.; Sheikholeslami, M.; Cattini, C.; Tolosa, I. Mar. Poll. Bull. 2001, 48, 30.
• [29.] Pavoni, B.; Berto, D.; Rigoni, M.; Salizzato, M. Mar. Environ. Res., 2000, 29 177.
• [30.] UNDP , State of the Coastal Environment, Report for Aqaba, Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea, ASEZA, Aqaba, Jordan, 2015.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).