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Enhancement of Ground-to-Aircraft Communication Using Audio Watermarking

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper presents research on improving the intelligibility of spoken messages transmitted to aircraft from a ground station. The proposed solution is based on the selective calling (SELCAL) system and the audio watermarking technique. The most important elements of a spoken message (commands, numerical values) are transmitted as a watermark embedded in the speech signal and are displayed to the cockpit crew. The synchronization signal is embedded in SELCAL duo-tones. The proposed system is resistant to resampling and channel noise (at SNR > 25 dB).
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
93--102
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 17 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Telecommunications, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Warsaw University of Technology, Nowowiejska 15/19, 00-665 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] „ICAO Standard Phraseology - A Quick Reference Guide for Commercial Air Transport Pilots", Eurocontrol [Online]. Available: https://www.skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/115.pdf
  • [2] „Annex 10 Radiotelephony Procedures", Aeronautical Mobile Communications Panel (Working Group C), Anchorage, Alaska, 2001.
  • [3] „Introduction to ACARS Messaging Services", International Communications Group, Application Note ICS-200-01, Apr. 2006.
  • [4] „Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC)", SKYbrary, Flight Safety Foundation, Dec. 2017 [Online]. Available: https://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Controller Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC)
  • [5] „Selective Calling (SELCAL) Users Guide", Aviation Spectrum Resources, 61742 REV C, Dec. 30, 2013.
  • [6] „Selective Calling (SELCAL) Code Pool Expansion", Aeronautical Mobile Communications Panel (Working Group - Maintenance), Bucharest, Romania 30 May - 1 June 2012.
  • [7] K. Hofbauer, H. Hering, and G. Kubin, „Speech watermarking for the VHF radio channel", in Proc. EUROCONTROL Innovative Res. Worksh. INO 2005, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France, 2005, pp. 215-220 [Online]. Available: https://pure.tugraz.at/ws/portalfiles/portal/ 2721152/Hofbauer INO 2005.pdf
  • [8] „SCOPE - Safety of Controller-Pilot Dialogue", THALES Research & Technology, IntuiLab and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse, 2008 [Online]. Available: https://www.eurocontrol.int/ eec/public/standard page/proj CARE INO II SCOPE.html
  • [9] P. Dymarski and R. Markiewicz ,”Steganografia akustyczna w tle sygnału mowy", Przegl. Telekomun. i Wiadom. Telekomun., no. 8/9, pp. 665-669, 2017 (doi: 10.15199/59.2017.8-9.5) [in Polish].
  • [10] P. Dymarski and R. Markiewicz, „Robust audio watermarks in frequency domain", J. of Telecommun. and Inform. Technol., no. 2, pp. 12-21, 2014.
  • [11] R. Tachibana, S. Shimizu, T. Nakamura, and S. Kobayashi, „Audio watermarking method robust against time- and frequency- fluctuation", in Proc. of SPIE Int. Conf. on Secur. and Watermark. of Multimed. Cont. III, San Jose, USA, 2001, vol. 4314, pp. 104-115 (doi: 10.1117/12.435390).
  • [12] M. Sliskovic, „Sampling frequency offset estimation and correction in OFDM systems", in Proc. 8th IEEE Int. Conf. on Electron., Circ. and Syst. ICECS 2001, Malta, 2001, pp. 437-440 (doi: 10.1109/ICECS.2001.957773).
  • [13] Z. Piotrowski, „Drift correction modulation scheme for digital audio watermarking", in Proc. Int. Conf. on Multimed. Inform. Netw. and Secur. MINES 2010, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China, 2010, pp. 392-397 (doi: 10.1109/MINES.2010.88).
  • [14] P. Dymarski and R. Markiewicz, „Time and sampling frequency offset correction in audio watermarking", in Proc. of 18th Int. Conf. on Syst., Sig. and Image Process. IWSSIP 2011, Sarajevo, Bosnia- Herzegovina, 2011.
  • [15] D. C. Rife and R. R. Boorstyn, „Single-tone parameter estimation from discrete-time observations", IEEE Trans. on Inform. Theory, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 591-598, 1974 (doi: 10.1109/TIT.1974.1055282).
  • [16] ITU-T Recommendation P.862: Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs, Feb. 2001.
  • [17] Ł. Monecki „Transmission of digital messages accompanying analog speech communication", B.Sc. thesis, Warsaw University of Technology, Sept. 2018 (supervised by P. Dymarski).
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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